Development of power systems leads to new interconnections that can join power systems with different approaches regarding under-frequency load shedding (UFLS). Parallel operation of different UFLS schemes is analyzed in this paper considering possible UCTE / NORDEL and IPS / UPS interconnection. It is shown that due to differences between UFLS schemes the interconnection's stability can be endangered.
Paper presents the difficulties of existing antiemergency automation when operating in islanded power system. The operation of existing anti-emergency automation is apprized from the point of view of elimination of active power deficiency or surplus. Shortages of existing anti-emergency automation as well as necessary areas for improvements are shown. New method for estimation of active power deficiency or surplus is proposed. It is based on the use of the mathematical description of the considered system to provide more accurate operation of anti-emergency automation, for instance, when shedding load or starting generation reserves. The analysis as well as possible application of the proposed method for estimation of active power deficiency or surplus is presented.Index Terms--Frequency, adaptive control, islanding.
Paper considers development trends and perspectives for widespread implementation of distributed generation, based on renewable energy sources (RES) in the Baltic States. The main issue of the research is integration of RES into the power grid and electricity markets. Paper provides an overview of legislative statements and main rules, which regulates formal relationships between power producers using RES and network operators. Major problems and barriers that limit intensive development of RES are identified and possible solutions to overcome them are proposed. Index Terms--renewable energy sources (RES), distributed generation (DG), distributed energy sources (DER), grid and market integration.
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