With the increasing demand for electric power, the development of new power generation technologies is gaining increased attention. The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycle is one such technology, which has relatively high efficiency, compactness, and potentially could provide complete carbon capture. The S-CO2 cycle technology is adaptable for almost all of the existing heat sources such as solar, geothermal, fossil, nuclear power plants, and waste heat recovery systems. However, it is known that optimal combinations of operating conditions, equipment, working fluid, and cycle layout determine the maximum achievable efficiency of a cycle. Within an S-CO2 cycle, the compression device is of critical importance as it is operating near the critical point of CO2. However, near the critical point, the thermo-physical properties of CO2 are highly sensitive to changes of pressure and temperature. Therefore, the conditions of CO2 at the compressor inlet are critical in the design of such cycles. Also, the impurity species diluted within the S-CO2 will cause deviation from an ideal S-CO2 cycle as these impurities will change the thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. Accordingly, the current work examines the effects of different impurity compositions, considering binary mixtures of CO2 and He, CO, O2, N2, H2, CH4, or H2S on various S-CO2 cycle components. The second part of the study focuses on the calculation of the basic cycles and component efficiencies. The results of this study will provide guidance and define the optimal composition of mixtures for compressors and coolers.
Supercritical carbon dioxide cycles are recently very perspective and they are researched all around the world. CO2 is an interesting medium for applications in many technologies, from nuclear energy through geothermal, solar and waste heat recovery systems. However, S-CO2 cycles have several issues which have to be researched, one of them being the presence of the so called pinch point in the heat exchangers design. Therefore, the Czech Technical University (CTU) conducts research on supercritical carbon dioxide cycles, which are focused on the effect of the gaseous admixtures in S-CO2 on different cycle components. The research is primarily focused on the pinch point shift within heat exchangers caused by gaseous admixtures. Previous work has shown that the pinch point can be removed with the addition of small amounts of another gases. However, it is also important to describe the effect on the performance of the cycles. This is the main topic of this paper. One of the reasons for this research is the positive effects on components are possible. The first part of the study is focused on the development of computational code for calculation of the basic S-CO2 cycles with mixtures. The second part of the study is focused on the calculation of basic cycles for binary mixtures. The calculation will be performed for pure CO2 and some binary mixture. He, CO, O2, N2, Ar will be used for the calculation as the most common admixtures, furthermore H2, CH4 and H2S will be used as well. The last part of the study will be focused on the optimization of individual cycles for different amount of admixtures in CO2. The result of this study will define the optimum ratio of admixtures and description of their effect on cycle efficiency.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycles are recently very perspective and are researched all around the world. For successful deployment of these cycles experimental research is necessary. This paper describes the design and research program of S-CO2 experimental loop that was performed in collaboration of the Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) and the Research Centre Rez i.n.c.. The loop will be constructed at the premises of the Research Centre Rez i.n.c a part of the project SUSEN. This paper particularly focuses on the design of components, their thermotechnical calculations, construction and arrangement of the experimental loop. It also deals with the preparation of experimental measurements to be implemented. The loop is envisioned for the research of the heat transfer for various operating conditions, testing of the material in the environment of S-CO2 and sampling of gas from the loop.
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