Molecular variation in six nuclear genes provides substantive phylogenetic evidence for the recognition of a new cypriniform family, the Ellopostomatidae, to include the enigmatic Southern Asia loach genus Ellopostoma. The current six loach families form a monophyletic group, with the Nemacheilidae as the sister group to Ellopostomatidae; Vaillantellidae forms the sister group to all families exclusive of Botiidae. While the superfamily Cobitoidea includes eight families, the monophyly of this large clade within the Cypriniformes remains a vexing problem despite extensive molecular analyses and is in need of further investigation.

A new species of freshwater potamid crab of the genus Johora Bott, 1966, previously known only from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, is described from southern Thailand. The new species, J. thaiana, can be distinguished from congeners by its setose terminal segment of the male first pleopod, which is distinctly tapering and forming a conical structure, with the distal part slightly curved outwards. RÉSUMÉUne espèce nouvelle de crabe Potamidae d'eaux douces du genre Johora Bott, 1966, connu auparavant seulement de la péninsule malaise et de Singapour, est décrite du sud de la Thaïlande. La nouvelle espèce, J. thaiana, peut être distinguée de ses congénères par le segment terminal sétifère du premier pléopode mâle, qui est distinctement effilé et forme une structure conique, avec la partie distale légèrement recourbée vers l'extérieur.

No abstract

A new mysid, Heteromysoides songkhlaensis, is reported from shallow water in the Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand. The new species is closely similar to H. nana in having a triangular rostrum and the eyestalk without a process at the anteromesial corner. However, the new species can be readily distinguished from H. nana by three setae on the inner margin and five setae on distal margin of the second segment of the mandibular palp; the carpopropodus of the fifth and sixth thoracic endopod of the new species is composed of four articles, and the telson of the new species is distally rounded, shorter than the sixth abdominal somite, and 1.3 times longer than its basal width; the spines on the telson form elongated spines from the distal to posterior margin. The new species also resembles H. dennisi, H. simplex, and H. stenoura; however, it differs by (1) the presence of a rounded distal margin of telson, and (2) absence of a sharp process on the distolateral corner of the eyestalk.

Two specimens of an unknown jellyfish species were collected in Bat Gallim and Beit Yannai, on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, in June and July 2010. Morphological characters identified it as a cepheid (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae). However, the specimens showed remarkable differences from other cepheid genera; unlike Cephea and Netrostoma it lacks warts or knobs centrally on the exumbrella and filaments on oral disk and between mouths, and it differs from Cotylorhiza in its proximally loose anastomosed radial canals and in lacking stalked suckers and filaments on the moutharms. We thus describe it herein as Marivagia stellata gen. et sp. nov. We also present the results of molecular analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 28S ribosomal DNA, which support its placement among the Cepheidae and also provide its barcode signature. This new find is the fourth introduced scyphozoan species recorded in the Mediterranean. The presence of a sexually mature specimen collected as far back as 2006, and the occurrence of the species this summer at sites nearly 90 kms apart, indicate the existence of an established population.

Thale Noi is a small freshwater lake in the Songkhla Lagoon system in south Thailand. Songkhla Lake basin has been developed under the Thailand National Socio-Economic Plan with well-documented recent changes in its physical environment. The objective of this report is to update the current fish species that inhabit the Thale Noi. This report refers to native species only. Fish diversity was assessed along with the environmental alteration. The present study recorded 51 and 49 native species in 1982–1983, and 2005–2009 respectively, with a total of 54 species belonging to 26 families had been listed. The findings of this study could also be of great value as a starting point for further studies. Regular monitoring for species composition of Thale Noi is needed, and it is essential that the current data and all points of view be considered by decision makers.

Two new species of thalassinid Deeapoda, Neocallichirus thalesapensis sp. nov. in the family Callianassidae, and Woljfogehia annandalei sp. nov. in the family Upogebiidae, are described in the present paper from Thale Sap Songkhla, a lagoon system in Thailand. Next to being described and illustrated, both species are compared with their known, similar congeners.

The freshwater crustacean Daphnia is widely used as live food for ornamental fish. To increase production, food supplementations are required when culturing Daphnia. Here, we aimed to clarify the effects of plant oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit (DFO) on growth rate, egg production, number of first clutch juveniles and survival of Daphnia supplemented with five different concentrations of DFO, that is 0, 1, 3, 9, 27 mg/L. The results showed the growth and reproduction of Daphnia were enhanced when supplemented with DFO. Growth rate of Daphnia supplemented with 9 mg/L DFO was the highest among all treatments. The time that Daphnia produced the first clutch eggs was shorter in high concentration of DFO (3, 9, 27 mg/L). The number of juveniles in the first clutch increased in treatments of higher concentration of DFO (3, 9, 27 mg/L). These results suggest that plant oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit increase growth and fecundity of Daphnia. Survival rates of Daphnia were 100% except for the treatment supplemented with 27 mg/L of DFO in which the survival rate was reduced to 87%. To our knowledge, this is the first functional evidence demonstrating that oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit enhance growth and fecundity of Daphnia.