Using the method of flow cytofluorometry we found that proteinase activity eliminating antigenic determinants from the surface of tumor cells disappeared from the serum of mice with Ehrlich carcinoma. This activity towards Ehrlich carcinoma cells is present in the sera of mice without tumors and in mice with other transplanted tumors. The serum from mice of one strain with Ehrlich carcinoma showed no protease activity against Ehrlich carcinoma cells in mice of other strain. Hence, Ehrlich carcinoma growth is associated with tumor-specific changes in the serum resulting in disappearance of specific protease activity of the serum against tumor cells.
Injection of dendritic cells, pulsated by tumor lysate or mucin, containing CA 125 antigen, led to a more than 50% inhibition of tumor growth in female CBA mice with transplanted mouse pseudomucinous CaO-1 ovarian carcinoma in comparison with the control. Tumor-associated CA 125 antigen can be used for obtaining dendritic cell vaccines against ovarian malignant tumors. This trend will extend the potentialities of application of antitumor vaccines based on dendritic cells, as clinical use of this technology is limited by the need in patient's tumor material. Mucin, containing Ca 125 antigen, can be isolated from patient's serum or obtained by gene engineering technologies as a recombinant peptide.
We compared plasma content of soluble Fas antigen (sFas) in 59 patients with tumors and tumor-like pathologies of the adrenal cortex and medulla and 60 healthy donors (control). The incidence and content of sFas in the plasma from patients with adrenal tumors was significantly higher than in healthy donors. A direct correlation was found between sFas content and patient's age. The maximum sFas concentrations were found in patients with pheochromocytoma and aldosterone-producing adenoma. In patients with adrenocortical cancer plasma content of sFas was lower than in patients with tumors of other morphological types. Plasma sFas content in patients with adrenocortical cancer directly correlated with the size of tumors. Our results suggest that sFas plays a role in the pathogenesis of primary adrenal tumors.
One of the most serious complications after low anterior resection is the failure of sutures of colorectal anastomosis, which is the most common surgical complication that results in patient’s death. Promptly diagnosed anastomotic leakage in postoperative period is challenging. Nevertheless, elimination of risk factors in preoperative period can significantly reduce complication rates.The purpose of this review article is to analyze possible risk factors and methods for preventing colorectal anastomosis leakage.An important area of prevention and optimization of treatment options for anastomotic leakage is the development of prognostic measures to eliminate risk factors. We see the prospects for this direction in the introduction of a nomogram, which allows the surgeon to assess the possible outcomes of the operation, to choose the optimal tactics with a minimum risk of complications, as well as the introduction of methods to avoid or prevent the development of complications of colorectal anastomosis.
The problems of using physical research methods in diagnostics of oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and constructing a multimedia learning system on their basis for doctors are considered. The system includes: expert systems, a remote learning system, and an electronic textbook. Disease localizations in esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, and liver are considered. Practical application of the system provides an increase in the learning efficiency during postgraduate training of oncologists and their advanced training.
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