Present study was conducted to investigate the seasonal effects of transportation of goats (Alpine x Beetle) at different flocking densities, supplemented with Vitamin C in group I, Vitamin C + Electrolyte in group II and Jaggery in group III, 3 days before transport of animal, during winter and hot-humid seasons. The goats were selected from LRC, NDRI Karnal and were of 10-12 months old. Each group consisted of 25 goats each, divided into high (15) and low (10) flocking densities, transported for 8h with average speed of 25 Km/h. All the animals were kept off-feed and deprived of water during the transportation period. Physiological responses (Respiration rate, Rectal temperature, Pulse rate and Skin temperature) were recorded before and after transportation. A significant increase (P less than 0.05) in ST, RT, RR and PR were recorded just after unloading in both the flocking density groups and during both seasons which then declined to basal values (P less than 0.05) within 6-12 hours post transportation. Supplementation with Vitamin C, Vitamin C + Electrolyte and Jaggery aided in reducing transportation stress but Vitamin C + Electrolyte combination proved more beneficial in alleviating transportation stress in the goats.
Weeds cause serious damage to the crop yield by sharing land, water, soil nutrients, and sunlight, etc.,which increase the cost of cultivation, impairment of quantity and quality. The objective of the research isto compare the water use efficiency, weed index, and weed control efficiency under a drip irrigation systemwith black polyethylene mulch, using four treatments, such as Drip, Drip with Mulch, Mulch, and Control.The acquired findings revealed that there is a significant difference between the treatment means, with theleast significant difference being (P>0.05). However, the maximum acquired water use efficiency in dripwith mulch treatment is 14.43 kg/ha-mm, followed by drip, mulch, and control were 10.89, 8.82, 6.55 kg/ ha-mm, respectively. Due to increasing weed infestation, the weed index in control was found to be high as33.69 percent, followed by mulch, drip and drip with mulch were 28.79, 12.81 and zero per cent duly. Theweed control efficiency was acquired to be high in drip with mulch treatment as 91.34 percent and 84.78percent at 30 and 60 days after sowing respectively. Plastic mulch improves the water use efficiency andproductivity with a controlled amount of water application with drip irrigation system. The researchconcludes that using a drip irrigation system in conjunction with black polyethylene mulch for the cultivationof groundnut crops in sandy soils is superior and beneficial for the farmers to achieve high yields, whichresults in economic benefit of the farmers.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety of TAG-24 was selected for the experiment with four treatments namely drip-T1, drip with mulch-T2, mulch-T3 and control-T4. The research objective is to study crop-water requirement, uniformity coefficient, yield attributes such as yield, plant height, root length, number of pods m-2, seed and shell weight m-2. Crop water requirement (CWR) for groundnut crop was calculated as 449.1 mm by CROPWAT 8.0 Software. Experiments were conducted by supplying different amount of water among various treatments such as 100% of CWR in T4, 90% of CWR in T1 & T3 and 80% CWR in T2 respectively. Uniformity coefficient was found as 0.86 for drip irrigation. Highest and lowest yield was reported in T2 as 4.45 t ha-1 and 2.89 t ha-1 in T4. Among all the treatments plant height and root length was reported highest as 52 cm and 48 cm in T2, similarly number of podsm-2, seed and shell weight m-2 were reported highest as 583, 0.47 kg and 0.24 kg in T2 respectively. The yield attributes were observed highest in T2 because of efficient water application at root zone by drip, controlled weed growth and conserved soil moisture by mulch which creates favorable conditions for plant growth.
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