The geological structure and the physical-mechanical properties of rocks composing and overlapping the Third potash formation in the areas of the mine field mine No. 4 JSC Belaruskali, which are scheduled to practice, are studied. The geological sections of the Third potash layer and its roof were built, the thickness of sylvinite and halite layers was measured, the roof falling of the rocks of the layer with a height of up to 20 m was assessed, and the type of immediate roof was determined by the composition and structure of its constituent rocks. It was established that the strength under uniaxial compression of both sylvinite and halite layers for the areas under consideration differs slightly. Therefore, to solve engineering problems of ensuring the stability of mine workings and to calculate fastening parameters, strength values averaged over the groups of layers can be used that correlate well with the percentage of weak and clay interlayers. The same applies to Poisson’s ratio, the values of which for various layers of formation are slightly different and can be taken by their averaging. It is shown that the main factor that negatively affects the strength of rocks occurring in the roof of the Third potash seam is the presence of weak and clay interlayers, which increases with depth. The introduction of the obtained results allows us to improve the calculation accuracy of securing mining parameters, to reduce the costs of their maintenance, and to improve the safety of mining operations in developing the Third potash formation in complex geological and mining conditions.
Gas-dynamic danger of Krasnoslobodsky fracture zone in Starobin Deposit of potassium salts was investigated. The study was carried out taking into account the existing ideas about the mechanism of formation of foci of gas-dynamic phenomena in the salt rock mass of the field, as well as taking into account the results of seismic and hydrogeological studies of the fault zone and the revealed patterns of distribution of gas-dynamic phenomena over the field area. The features of the geological structure of Krasnoslobodsky fracture zone in the upper salt stratum containing layers of potash ore are established. The features of the mechanism of evolution of hydrodynamic systems in fault zones are revealed. It was found that the functional system of halogen metasomatosis in these zones of the rock mass was not shielded, so that the absorption zone of the hydrodynamic system was located in the rocks of the clay-marl strata located above the upper salt strata and horizons of possible mining operations, and fractured rocks of the fault zone provided gas filtration from the system of voids formed during the evolution of hydrodynamic systems. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that in Krasnoslobodsky fracture zone within the upper salt layer there were no conditions for the formation of dangerous foci of gas-dynamic phenomena, such as sudden emissions of salt and gas and collapse of roof rocks. Accordingly, there is a possibility of safe mining operations, such as the penetration of intersecting workings through the fault zone.
A technique has been developed of justification of possibility and expediency of extraction of the reserves left, which were mined more than 40 years ago by chamber system with maintenance in a safe condition of underground mining constructions. The methodology includes the identification by studying the geological and mine surveying documentation of districts with reserves in the mine fields; calculation of volumes and quality indicators of reserves left at these areas; assessment of a condition of mine workings that have direct access to the reserves concerned, and the possibility of their re-use, as well as the possibility of new development workings and ensuring their sustainability and maintenance in a safe condition; establishing the features of geomechanical processes in the rock mass and the presence of dangerous violations in the worked-out zone, the degree of the violation and the nature of the deformation of rigid and pliable pillars in the extraction chambers, including the use of specially conducted mine openings; development of technological schemes for safety extraction of abandoned minerals. With the use of this technique for the first time the technological opportunities and economic feasibility of mining minerals from the treatment units of the First and Second Mines of JSC Belaruskali, worked out more than 40 years ago, has been estimated. The possibility of excavating abandoned reserves in the sylvinite layer 4 and layers 2, 2–3, 3 in inter-chamber pillars in areas previously worked out by the chamber system with total volumes of more than 57 million tons is shown. The results of surveys of the state of capital and development workings are given, according to which for the re-mining of most of the worked-out blocks, new capital and development workings will be required. The results of visual examinations of panel and block drifts, their conjugations with treatment passages, as well as the state and degree of violation of inter-passage and inter-chamber pillars in the treatment chambers are described. Possible methods for re-mining the reserves of the Third potash horizon with treatment longwalls and a chamber system are proposed, which are distinguished by high technical and economic efficiency and mining safety.
Важное значение для сельскохозяйственного производства имеет использование безотходной технологии получения бесхлорных удобрений (сульфата калия) и утилизация жидких отходов (конверсионных щелоков производства сульфата калия) для получения дополнительной продукции (различных марок комплексных удобрений на их основе), что позволяет снизить себестоимость растениеводческой продукции. В статье приведены результаты исследований по получению и агрохимической эффективности комплексного NPK-удобрения марки 16-10-16, полученного на основе конверсионных щелоков производства сульфата калия и аммофоса. Удобрение получено методом низкотемпературной конверсии хлористого калия сульфатом аммония, что позволяет получить бесхлорное удобрение (сульфат калия) и организовать процесс переработки конверсионных щелоков для получения широкой линейки комплексных удобрений, в том числе и исследуемой марки. Определена агрохимическая эффективность NPK-удобрения (марка 16-10-16) при возделывании овощных культур (моркови, капусты, лука) на дерново-подзолистой рыхлосупесчаной почве. Установлено, что применение азотно-фосфорно-калийного удобрения марки 16-10-16 в эквивалентных дозах со стандартными удобрениями (карбамидом, суперфосфатом аммонизированным, калием хлористым гранулированным) при возделывании овощных культур обеспечивает урожайность моркови, капусты и лука на уровне эталона (стандартные удобрения) без существенных изменений качества продукции, отмечается лишь тенденция увеличения содержания сахаров и снижения содержания нитратов в продукции. Комплексное NPK-удобрение марки 16-10-16 внесено в «Государственный реестр средств защиты растений и удобрений, разрешенных к применению на территории Республики Беларусь» и разрешено для применения в агропромышленном комплексе и для розничной продажи населению. Ключевые слова: производство сульфата калия, конверсионные щелоки производства сульфата калия, химический состав конверсионных сбросовых щелоков, карбамид, аммофос, хлористый калий, новые формы комплексных удобрений, марка 16-10-16, сельскохозяйственные культуры, морковь, капуста, лук, урожайность, качество продукции, содержание сухого вещества, растворимых сахаров, нитратов, витамина С, золы и клетчатки Для цитирования: Эффективность комплексных NPK-удобрений, получаемых из конверсионных щелоков производства сульфата калия / В. Я.
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