The results of identifying tularemia foci using the predatory bird pellets in the central part of Russia using the example of the Republic of Mordovia are presented. The efficacy of tularemia detection in pellets compared with other biomaterials has been shown. The average content of the tularemia microbe antigen from the predatory bird pellets was 9,4%. The greatest number of registrations of the causative agent of tularemia in the pellets was observed in Eagle Owl (29,2%). To a lesser extent, the pathogen was detected in the Ural Owl (14,7%). The tularemia pathogen was detected more often in the bird predator pellets than in the biomaterial from rodents. The largest share of positive samples was recorded in the riverine districts. The dynamics of identifying the causative agent of tularemia should be noted in 2015, 2017 and 2018, which are characterized by high values of the indicator.
Due to its biocompatibility with human and animal tissues, low toxicity, and biodegradability, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is of great interest for medicine. Since CS is used as a pharmaceutical preparation, its molecular weight and solubility determine the possibilities of its use. This work presents the results of studying the chemical and enzymatic destruction of CS macromolecules and its effect on the molecular weight, solubility and crystallinity degree of the polysaccharide. CS was obtained from the cartilaginous tissue of the Arctic skate ( Amblyraja hyperborea ). At the stage of cartilage tissue fermentolysis, the enzymes pancreatin, hepatopancreatin and protosubtil were used. The obtained CS samples were identified by IR spectroscopy. Enzymatic destruction of glycosidic bonds in cholesterol macromolecules was carried out with a 1 % solution of the enzyme hepatopancreatin, chemical destruction with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid. The CS content in the samples was determined by the Dische method. The chemical composition of CS samples was evaluated by standard methods. The average molecular weight (MW) was determined using high performance liquid chromatography and the nephelometric method. The crystallinity degree (CD) was determined by graphical processing of diffraction patterns obtained by X-ray phase analysis of CS samples. It was found that under the action of hepatopancreatin and hydrogen peroxide, deep destruction of chondroitin sulfate occurs, to the formation of low molecular weight and oligomeric fragments. Under conditions of acid destruction in 0.5 N HCl for 20 min the MW of chondroitin sulfate is reduced by 10 % compared to the initial one. Acid destruction causes a significant decrease in the CD of the CS samples. For CS samples not degraded in acid, the solubility in distilled water increases with decreasing MW and CD. The solubility of CS after acid destruction in the range of pH = 5-9 units is 99.0 ± 0.5 %. This high solubility is most likely explained by the significant content of the amorphous phase in the samples.
2000 zirconium, Zr zirconium, Zr I 4400 -012Cesium Pentafluorozirconates.-Addition of CsF to acid fluoride solutions of Zr(SO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O to a CsF:Zr ratio of ca. 1:1 results in the formation of the known α-modification of CsZrF 5 ·H 2 O (triclinic, space group P1) and a hitherto not reported β-modification. The new modification crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /n and appears to be isostructural to NH 4 ZrF 5 . Dehydration of both monohydrate modifications gives CsZrF 5 via the intermediacy of the novel phase CsZrF 5 ·0.5H 2 O. -(GODNEVA, M. M.; KUZNETSOV, V. YA.; NIKITINA, S. D.; RYS'KINA, M. P.; Zh.
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