By means of pheromone traps containing synthetic sex pheromones, areas of the most harmful click beetle species,Agriotes obscurus,A. lineatus, A. sputator, A. gurgistanus, A. ustulatus, A. tauricus Heyd, andA. lineatus, occurring in southern regions and differing biologically from the so-called northern species, have been specified and charted in the European and central Siberian areas of the former USSR.

It has been shown earlier that various geranyl and (E,E)-farnesyl esters are major components of natural sex pheromones of click beetles,Agriotes. In addition, some isomeric terpene esters have an inhibiting or synergistic influence upon the sex communication of some species ofAgriotes. In this paper the influence of synthetic terpene esters in pheromone compositions on the sex communication of differentAgriotes species occurring in different climatic zones has been studied. The relationship between the biological activity of sex attractants and their chemical structure has been established.

In recent years, a negative situation has developed as a result of mass invasions of adventive pests on the lands of the forest fund, among which the oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata Say (Heteroptera: Tingidae) requires special attention. The pest poses a great danger to the survival and productivity of oak forests and forest plantations in the South of Russia. The existing methods of pest monitoring do not always reflect the real constants of the phenology of target objects, which leads to errors in determining the optimal timing of protective measures and a decrease in their effectiveness. Hence, research in the development of precision methods for phytosanitary monitoring of harmful species is an important problem of plant protection, especially biological. The study of the phenology and dynamics of the oak lace bug will allow optimizing protective measures, taking into account the most vulnerable phases of phytophage development and the timing of treatments. The aim of this study was to develop precision methods for monitoring the dynamics of the number and age structure of the oak lace bug population based on the use of the heat content of the atmosphere. The studies were carried out in the central (Krasnodar), northeastern (Tikhoretsk) and western (Krymsk) zones of Krasnodar Krai belonging to the temperate climatic zone, as well as the Black Sea zone (Sochi), located in the subtropical climatic zone. The choice of localities for the research was carried out taking into account the territories of invasive distribution of the oak lace bug and the differences in climatic conditions from moderate continental to subtropical. The calculation of the heat content (enthalpy) of air was carried out using a modified Ramzin nomogram (See Fig. 1). Phenological observations and counting of the number of C. arcuata bugs were carried out on model trees of English oak (Quercus robur L.) (See Fig. 2). The reference date was chosen empirically based on the use of heat content indicators that are different in terms of reference periods and corresponding to these periods (See Table 1). As a result of the studies carried out during 2018-2020, the actual dates of the onset of the phenophases of the oak lace bug and the corresponding enthalpy of air (the heat content) were determined (See Table 2). We calculated the amount of heat required for the emergence of the oak lace bug after winter diapause (140-145 kcal/kg air) and passing through the preimaginal stages of development from egg-laying (158-167 kcal/ kg), hatching of larvae (180-194 kcal/kg) before fledging of adults of a new generation (136-145 kcal/kg). The sum of effective temperatures (SET) was calculated according to the generally accepted method (Chernova, Bylova, 2004; Zamotajlov et al., 2009) (See Table 3). We have shown that the enthalpy of air is the most preferable indicator for assessing thermal characteristics for determining the timing of the appearance of overwintered individuals, the passage of phenophases of insects and the number of their generations in comparison with the sum of effective temperatures (See Table 2 and 3). We found that the number of generations of oak lace bug in the central, western and northeastern zones (temperate climatic zone) of Krasnodar Krai, which is directly dependent on the heat content of the air, was three, and in the Black Sea zone (subtropical climatic zone) there were four generations per seasonal cycle. To improve the reliability of predicting the timing of phenological phases of the oak lace bug, a method for monitoring phenophases of the pest based on calculating the heat content of the air has been developed, which can be used for practical purposes to optimize protective measures associated with the use of insecticides, growth and development regulators of insects, entomopathogens and entomophages in agricultural and forest cenoses. Thus, distribution, development rate, number dynamics and harmfulness of the species to the greatest extent depend on the ecological resource of the inhabited territory, determined by the enthalpy of the air. On the basis of enthalpy, the rate of passage of phenophases and the number of generations of the pest, which determine its invasive development in large areas, are reliably calculated.

Актуальность исследований чувствительности полезных энтомофагов к биологическим (полученным на основе живых агентов и продуктов их жизнедеятельности) и биорациональным (на основе выделенных из природных источников веществ и их синтетических аналогов) средствам защиты растений предопределена развитием технологий органического и экологизированного растениеводства. Применение традиционных инсектицидов вызывает массовую гибель хищных жужелиц, клопов, кокцинеллид, златоглазок, мух-сирфид и тахин, паразитических трихограмматид, ихневмонид, браконид и других полезных видов. Это приводит к слабо контролируемому развитию и размножению вредителей, формированию их резистентных популяций и увеличению пестицидной нагрузки на агроценозы. В представленной работы мы впервые определили лабораторную и полевую токсичность ряда российских и зарубежных препаратов, рекомендованных для применения на различных культурах, в отношении полезной энтомофауны агроценозов кукурузы, картофеля, яблони, гороха. Оригинальность исследования определяется подбором биопестицидов, позволяющим применять их интегрированно с энтомофагами в технологиях органического земледелия. Установлено, что биорациональные инсектициды Фитоверм ® КЭ (концентрат эмульсии, норма расхода 1,3 л/га; «Фармбиомед», Россия), Vertimec ® КЭ (норма расхода 1 л/га, «Syngenta AG», Швейцария), Atabrone ® КС (концентрат суспензии, норма расхода 0,75 л/га; «ISK Biosciences», Бельгия), высокоэффективные против вредных чешуекрылых и тлей на кукурузе, сое, горохе, не оказывали токсического влияния на массово применяемых энтомофагов габробракона (Habrobracon hebetor Say) и афидиуса (Aphidius matricaria Hal.). Полученные результаты также подтвердили возможность совместного применения хищных клопов подизуса (Podisus mаculiventris Say) и периллюса (Perillus bioculatus Fabr.) с препаратами, разработанными против колорадского жука на пасленовых культурах. При использовании Битоксибациллина ® П (порошок, норма расхода 4 кг/га; ПО «Сиббиофарм», Россия) и Фитоверма ® КЭ (0,2 л/га) выживаемость имаго хищного клопа P. mаculiventris достигала соответственно 88 и 82 %, личинок старшего возраста-64 %, имаго хищного клопа P. bioculatus-97 и 91 %, личинок IV-V возраста-58 и 52 %. Фитоверм при норме расхода 1 л/га, рекомендуемой против тлей, не влияет на жизнеспособность афидофагов Cycloneda sangvinea Mul. и Harmonia axyridis Pallаs на кукурузе, горохе и яблоне: выживаемость взрослых жуков C. sangvinea составила 85 %, H. axyridis-88 %. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы при разработке систем биологического и интегрированного контроля вредителей кукурузы (хлопковая совка, стеблевой кукурузный мотылек, кукурузная и злаковая тли), картофеля (колорадский жук, картофельная тля), гороха (гороховая тля), яблони (яблонная плодожорка, зеленая яблонная тля) в технологиях органического и экологического земледелия. Ключевые слова: биологические препараты, энтомопатогены, чувствительность насекомых к пестицидам, энтомофаги, Habrobracon hebetor Say, Aphidius colemani Vier, Perillus bioculatus Fabr., Podisu...

No abstract

И. С. Агасьева, внс, зав. лаб. государственной коллекции энтомоакарифагов и первичной оценки биологических средств защиты растений, к. б. н., 2 В. Я. Исмаилов, заместитель директора по научной работе, к. б. н., 3 Е. В. Федоренко, нс лаборатории государственной коллекции энтомоакарифагов и первичной оценки биологических средств защиты растений, 4 А. С. Настасий, аспирант, мнс лаборатории государственной коллекции энтомоакарифагов и первичной оценки биологических средств защиты растений.ФГБНУ «Всероссийский НИИ биологической защиты растений», Россия, г. Краснодар

Общая методика и результаты наземных гиперспектральных исследований сезонного изменения отражательных свойств посевов сельскохозяйственных культур и отдельных видов сорных растений р. Ю. данилов 1 , о. Ю. кремнева 1 , в. я. исмаилов 1 , в. а. третьяков 2 , а. а. ризванов 2 , в. в. кривошеин 2 , а. а. пачкин 1

A b s t r a c tEntomophages are considered one of the most important crop pest regulators. Thus, predatory bugs of the subfamily Asopinae -Perillus bioculatus Fabr., Podisus maculiventris Say, Oplomus nigripennis var. pulcher Dull. and parasitic flies Doroforofaga have been introduced to control the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), a super-dominant species, damaging the ground part of potato in several European countries. In this paper, the species composition of the insect fauna of potato cenosis has been studied in Crimea, Slavinsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Dinskoy and Seversky regions of Krasnodar Krai in 2009-2014, as well as population dynamics of injurious and beneficial species populations depending on the abiotic and biotic factors. A total of 35 species belonging to 16 families of 7 insect orders were detected during the study period. Six aphid species (Homoptera, Aphididae) were identified: buckthorn aphid (Aphis nasturtii Kalt.), potato aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kalt.), peach aphid (Myzodes persicae Sulz.), beet or bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.), geum aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thom.), and melon or cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.). Of six lady bugs species, the Coccinella septempunctata L., Propylea quatuordecimpunctata L. and Harmonia axyridis Pallas were the most frequent. The predatory bugs of Pentatomidae family were the most abundant in the Hemiptera order. The acclimatization of predatory stinkbug populations Perillus bioculatus F. in the South Russia has been determined, that is of major interest for the biological control of the Colorado potato beetle. The synchronous emergency of overwintered stages of Colorado potato beetle, Perillus bioculatus, Zicrona caerulea and other Asopinae predatory bugs was registered. However, small natural population of P. bioculatus Fabr. could not always overcome the pest at the beginning of the vegetation, therefore P. bioculatus laboratory population was used together with Podisus maculiventris Say population which further control the Colorado potato beetle during the growing season. P. maculiventris developed on potato and did not leave solanaceous crops at imago stage continuing to eat Colorado potato beetle and to lay eggs. Due to the optimal feed (eggs of Colorado potato beetle) Perillus number increased to 0.6 insects per bush, and the number of Colorado potato beetle eggs was reduced to 0. Also, the sensitivity of the entomophages to chemicals and biologicals was studied. Incompatibility of Perillus and Podisus with chemical insecticides was detected, while biological agents Bitoksibatsillin and Fitoverm did not affect the predatory bugs. Thus, since 2008, when P. bioculatus bug acclimatization in Krasnodar region was found, the bug has managed to adapt well to the new environment due to use new feed, and high predatory and migration ability. The study of predatory bug Perillus contributes to L. desemlineata control in South Russia.Keywords: predatory bugs, entomophages, potato, biological protection An agricultural ecosystem represe...