Purpose. The article is aimed to substantiate the choice of the most effective method of geophysical research within the metropolis for more accurate mapping of fault zones in erupted rocks for the purposes of 2nd stage subway construction in the city of Dnipro. Methodology. Practical and organizational measures for radonometry for seismotectonics during the 2nd stage construction of the city subway were developed in detail, which in case of continued mining operations in the ravine-beam system contributes to further safe operation of the facility. Findings. Based on the analysis and evaluation of all profile studies conducted in the city in different years, one of the emanation methods was chosen – radonometry, and the method for its implementation was proposed, which provides dense urban development and complex tectonic structure of the region (fault zones) to obtain the necessary quality characteristics of soil incision. Originality. This paper for the first time provides a rationale for radonometry to identify fault zones in erupted rocks and assess their activity within the city. Practical value. The given technique is recommended for ensuring seismically safe conditions of drilling and blasting works during the passage of mine workings, which will ensure the maximum construction speed. In the future, these studies may be required when creating a ventilation system for underground structures of the 2nd stage of the city subway. Also, the radonometry results can be taken into account when placing elements of geotechnical (deformation) monitoring systems, both in tunnels and other deep-seated subway structures, and in buildings and structures. Clarification of the position of fault zones with the assessment of their activity can directly affect the choice of certain methods of measuring the deformation parameters of the observed objects, facilitate the choice of means of tunnel processing, highlight their qualitative or quantitative parameters.
Purpose. The work is aimed to determine the real location in space and conduct possible measurement of the true geometric dimensions of the NPP cooling pond dam, especially its underwater part and to detect the additional and previously unaccounted factors that could affect these parameters, as well as the state of the entire structure in general. Methodology. A comprehensive analysis of all available materials about engineering surveys and geotechnical studies was carried out at the dam of the cooling pond of the Zaporizhzhia NPP. Due to this, a more comprehensive look at the results of engineering and geological surveys was obtained. Findings. The state of soils in the body of the earth dam can be influenced by weakened and poorly studied zones of the dam. These zones were determined based on the analysis of the soil studies data of the dam’s ground. Previously uncovered issues on the operation of the facility were raised and considered. The ways and methods for additional study of the earth dam of the cooling pond were selected, the conditions for their use were substantiated. A numerical relationship between the thickness of loose soils and the amount of surface subsidence were determined for the first time. A generalized geological section of the dam body was compiled for further modeling of geotechnical processes. Originality. For the first time since construction, a comprehensive program was developed for assessing the technical condition of the cooling pond dam using innovative methods from the Laboratory of Research of Nuclear and Thermal Power Plants in Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture (PSACEA). In particular, combined hydrographic-geodetic and aerovisual methods were proposed using specially designed universal leading signs that have no analogues in world practice. Practical value. The application of the developed comprehensive program using innovative methods allows assessing the technical condition of the cooling pond dam of the NPP.
The article presents some of the possibilities of thermometry when monitoring groundwater at the Bushehr-1 NPP. Possible sources of local anomalies of the temperature field recorded in the wells are considered. It is shown that temperature measurements allow, incl. to determine the important features of the operation of the monitoring system wells, their design characteristics, the integrity of the casing strings and the power sources of the aquifers. And in the conditions of the Bushehr-1 NPP site, which is known to be in a complex seismotectonic environment, temperature monitoring is of particular additional importance. Monitoring temperature measurements in wells provide more information about changes in the hydrogeodynamic field before tectonic events compared to traditional measurements of the liquid column level. For this reason, temperature monitoring at the Bushehr NPP site should become a part of specialized seismic monitoring aimed at the safe operation of the NPP in difficult seismotectonic conditions in the Zagros zone and the adjacent part of the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf.
Purpose. The research is aimed to obtain some missing data on the morphology of river sands within the city, in particular, reliable quantitative indicators that can be used in the calculation of soil bases. Methodology. According to the experimental-analytical method, a complex soil morphology was used, which takes into account the shape and nature of the grain surface in the entire sand volume studied. Morphological assessment was carried out not only for individual sand particles, but also for the entire volume of the soil studied, due to this an important factor in the formation of the shape and nature of the sand grain surface is the mineral composition of sand. For the most of the studied sands, quartz was the predominant mineral. In further studies, it is planned to study the Dnipro River sands of deeper horizons, which would make it possible to obtain data on the formation of contacts between sand grains, which can be lamellar or other shapes. Findings. This paper presents the results of determining morphological indicator, as well as studying the shape and nature of the surface of alluvial sand grains of the 1st floodplain terrace of the Dnieper River valley in the area of Monastyrskyi Island in the central part of the city. The results of similar works on the study of a number of genetic types of Quaternary sands of various genesis in the Dnieper River valley were also analyzed. Due to this analysis, data were obtained on the morphology of monomineral oligomictic alluvial sands, the shape and nature of the alluvium sand grains surface. Originality. For the first time for the central region of the city, some basic morphological characteristics of river Quaternary sands of the Dnieper River valley were obtained. It is also possible to note the tendency of decrease of morphology indicator in river sands of the Dnieper valley from sources to the mouth. Practical value. With all confidence, the results of the studies carried out can be implemented in the sandy soils of the foundations of buildings and structures of the city, as well as to artificial earthworks, in particular, alluvial massifs.
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