A preliminary study had shown that C. olitorius has analgesic activity possibly mediated through opioidergic pathway. The study was a follow up work to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effects and other possible mechanisms of action of an aqueous leaf extract of C. olitorius (COE) using formalin-induced nociception test. COE was screened for its analgesic, and antioxidant activities. The anti-nociceptive effect of COE (3x10-2 , 1x10-1 and 3x10-1 g kg-1 , p.o), and morphine (1x10-3 , 3x10-3 and 1x10-2 gkg-1 , i.p.) were evaluated using the formalin-induced nociception test. The study showed that C. olitorius has analgesic activity possibly mediated through opioidergic pathway. COE produced significant (P ˂ 0.05) dose-dependent antinociceptive effects similar to morphine in both phases of formalin-induced nociception. The extract showed free radical scavenging properties and different phyto-constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, anthraquinones and terpenoids were identified. COE has both central and peripheral anti-nociceptive effects mediated through opioidergic receptor activation and also partly through ATP-sensitive K + channel activation systems. The findings confirms earlier reports, and further shows that C. olitorius produces anti-nociception by interrupting many pain processing pathways. Results further suggest that the extract (COE) might possess some chemical constituents that are responsible for the analgesic and the antioxidant activities.
The study sought to assess fatty acid profile, heavy metal concentration, carcass, and meat quality attributes of rabbits offered diets containing water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) plant meal (WHM) in place of wheat bran. It was conducted between August 2020 and February 2021. WHM replaced 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of wheat bran in rabbit rations. The rabbits were slaughtered to assess the carcass and organ parameters. Data were analyzed using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) of Minitab Statistical Package. There were no dietary effects on carcass and organ characteristics (p > 0.05). Fat content in meat, however, reduced as WHM increased. Consequently, overall likening of the meat of rabbits on the 15% WHM diets reduced. The heavy metal levels were lower (p > 0.05) than the permissible limits. Meat of animals on WHM diets had lower palmitic acid, higher MUFA and PUFA content, and a better atherogenic index.
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