The neurotransmitter composition of neurons in the stellate ganglion of mice of different ages (neonatal and aged 10, 20, 30, and 60 days) was studied using an immunocytochemical method. Most of the neurons in the mice of these age groups contained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Most choline acetyltransferase (CAT)-positive neurons in neonatal and 10-day mice were also TH-positive. From birth and at all subsequent ages, there were increases in the proportion of cells contained TH and neuropeptide Y. The proportion of neurons containing vasoactive intestinal peptide and CAT increased to 10 days of life and then decreased. Somatostatin-and galanin-positive neurons were absent from all animals. Maturation of the set of neurotransmitters in stellate ganglia was complete by age two months.
Expression of choline acetyltransferase, 200-kDa neurofilament protein, 28-kDa calbindin, neuronal NO synthase, caspase 3, and Ki-67 in the motor neurons of spinal cord segments T3-T5 in male C57Bl/6 mice after 30-day space flight in the Bion-M1 biosatellite was studied by immunohistochemical methods. Under conditions space flight, the size of motoneurons increased, the number of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase and neurofilaments, decreased, and the number of calbindin-positive neurons increased; motoneurons, expressing neuronal NO synthase and caspase 3 appeared, while Ki-67 was not detected. Fragmentation of neurons with the formation structures similar to apoptotic (residual) bodies was observed in individual caspase 3-positive motoneurons.
The neurotransmitter composition of neurons in the cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) and celiac ganglia (CG) in rats of different ages (neonatal, 10, 12, 30, and 60 days) was studied by immunohistochemical methods. The results showed that most neurons in these sympathetic ganglia contain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Most TH-positive neurons were also neuropeptide Y (NPY)-positive. In all ganglia, the proportions of neurons containing NPY increased from the moment of birth to the end of the first month of life. In the CG, NPY was present in a significantly greater proportion of neurons than in the CCG. Substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and choline acetyltransferase were present in occasional neurons in the CCG and CG from birth. There was no change in the proportion of this type of neuron with age. Definitive establishment of the neurotransmitter composition in the sympathetic ganglia studied here occurred by the end of the first month of life.
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