This paper presents a series of studies on the effect of low-frequency fluctuations of the atmospheric refractive index on phase fluctuations of space-limited optical beams. Theoretical calculations have been made in the approximation of a smooth perturbation method. Numerous experimental data on statistical characteristics of optical wave phase fluctuations are given. These are used to verify the theoretical conclusions and to solve an inverse problem on the determination of the atmospheric turbulence characteristics.

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