Modern oceanological research in the coastal zone is not only a science-intensive task, but also a popular service with high practical significance. Modern unmanned surface vehicles (UAVs) allow one to move echo sounders, conductometers, samplers and other measuring instruments on the surface of the sea and carry out measurements without direct human involvement. Their use accelerates the organization and course of expeditions, expands the research area: due to their small size they can work in shallow areas with complex orography, where it is dangerous to use vessels with a crew. However, in the domestic oceanological practice there is no universal and cost-effective import substitution platform for solving such a wide range of tasks. This paper presents the results of the development of a universal parameter registration module, a mounting module for instruments and an automatic navigation unit for use in surface unmanned vehicles for hydrographic and oceanological research. The diagrams of the printed circuit board, algorithms of operation and examples of use in the coastal zone of the Black Sea and on some hydrological objects in expeditions of various duration are given. The developed module has a high potential for modernization, low cost and is easily replicated for use both as part of various unmanned complexes and in scientific and methodological tasks.
Numerous studies have shown that the current hydrochemical and hydrobiological state of the Sevastopol Bay has a negative impact on its biodiversity and recreational potential of the region. An increase in population and tourist flow, as well as plans for intense development of the coastal zone resources actualize the task of assessing the impact of the existing and planned configuration of the municipal sewage facilities on the most visited seashore areas and mariculture development. We propose a numerical method for calculating the function of influence of municipal sewage on the quality of the Sevastopol Bay water. Calculations were performed for the city beaches, esplanade of Primorsky Boulevard, piers and the mussel farm with various potential options of outfalls arrangement in mind. We have compared the data from available sources as to arrangement and character of the municipal sewerage outfalls. We have analyzed the connectivity between the known outfalls and areas where contaminated suspended matter is undesirable for each map of the influence function field. The analysis showed Ushakova Balka Beach to be the most susceptible to storm water and sewerage discharge. The areas near the berths on the Severnaya Side are strongly influenced by the immediately adjacent outfalls. Concentration of suspended matter released from the stormwater sewerage in the city center has a dramatic impact on the water condition at major places of recreation of city residents.
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