The article outlines the approach to the solution of the multi-criteria task of choosing a vehicle for certain operating conditions based on vector optimization methods and linear programming. Full disclosure of the potential capabilities of the transport system of the agro-industrial complex requires the formation of automobile parks, taking into account the specific features of agricultural production. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the efficiency of vehicle operation according to a number of properties of the complex state of its quality. The solution of the task should be based on the determination of the importance of particular indicators for each property, defined as a separate quality criterion. To do this, it is necessary to form a system of indicators of vehicle quality properties and to develop a formalized apparatus for obtaining the weight of each criterion in the form of a multi-criteria evaluation method for the complex property of a vehicle. The solution of this task will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the use of the AIC transport parks by fully realizing the potential capabilities of each transport unit, as well as the entire fleet, and will increase the possibility of mastering the peak volumes of transportation by a smaller number of vehicles, reducing the need for transport involved. In turn, this will entail a reduction in the share of transportation costs in production costs for agricultural production and will result in significant cost savings. Due to the fact that theoretical and methodological issues related to the multi-criteria assessment of the quality of vehicles used in the agro-industrial complex have not been fully developed yet, the need for such studies is urgent, as well as the creation on their basis of methods for the formation of the park of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.
In a difficult economic situation, an important role belongs to the state policy of import substitution. The problems of import substitution become even more urgent in connection with the Western sanctions imposed against Russia in connection with the events in Ukraine. In 2014, several Western countries, led by the United States, announced severe sanctions against the Russian economy. This intensified the process of import substitution in Russia, including both agriculture and processing industries of the agro-industrial complex. In this regard, there has been a decline in food imports from abroad and an increase in the growth rate of food production, oriented to the domestic market.The authors make a valid conclusion that an economically literate policy of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex and other sectors of the economy can become a catalyst for overcoming the technical gap, reviving the investment climate, and increasing its own production of food in necessary quantities in accordance with medical norms of consumption.In this study, the authors not only analyze the main problems of import substitution, but also determine the crucial ways to accelerate these processes in Russia. The article states that, despite numerous difficulties, the policy of import substitution in the agrarian and industrial complex of modern Russia has all chances for success.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the seed market, selection and seed production in Krasnodar Territory. Effective sales of seed products are becoming a competitive advantage for developing companies. In modern economic conditions, the development of market relations in the grain industry and the seed market has disrupted the selection process, leading to a sharp drop in grain production of individual crops. It was reflected in the increase in the sowing of the grain crop area with low quality seeds and seeds of mass reproductions, reducing the volume of harvested seeds for the state resources, the suspension of seed circulation and violation of the seed renovation, the ordinary transition of farms to provide seeds of their own production. Conclusions are made and forecasts for domestic agricultural producers are determined based on the current market dynamics. The guidelines for state support of the industry are indicated to solve the problems which the Ministry of Agriculture has developed as a Strategy of the development of selection and seed production of major agricultural crops until 2020. The necessity of cooperation between business, educational and scientific institutions of agricultural profile in solving the problem of providing high-quality seeds to agricultural producers is substantiated.
It is obvious that today Russia is facing increasing external challenges. They are largely connected with the costs of globalization, the intensification of the confrontational policies of the West, first of all, the USA towards Russia, China, Venezuela and a number of other states. The situation is complicated by the rise of anti-Russian sanctions initiated by the United States of America after the annexation of the Crimea to Russia. At the same time, there is a devaluation of the role of the World Trade Organization, as a whole, of international law in solving major intergovernmental problems, a decline in the prestige of international institutions that are called upon to regulate international relations and ensure a stable world order. The article notes the importance of implementing the foreign policy function of the Russian constitution, based on the recognition of generally accepted norms of international lawrespect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity of states, noninterference in the internal affairs of other countries. Analyzes the institutional aspects of Russia's foreign policy. The features of modern world development associated with the struggle for the formation of a new world order are revealed. The author substantiates that Russia's foreign policy priorities are connected with the formation of a multipolar world, the expansion of integration interactions, the strengthening of cooperation with the countries of the Eurasian space and the CIS, and the solution of problems of domestic geopolitics. It is concluded that a dynamically changing world, its challenges and threats suggest the adequacy of measures to strengthen the constitutional security of the state.
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