A review of the literature shows that cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol and calcifediol are currently used in foreign and domestic practice to increase vitamin D levels, while there is no consensus on the effectiveness, necessity and possibility of using one or another type of vitamin D supplements. In this regard, we conducted statistical studies of the effectiveness of increasing the level of vitamin D in the patient's blood serum, and also made an analysis of literary sources on the biological activity and safety of the use of cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol and calcifediol. Research has shown that cholecalciferol is currently the most commonly used vitamin D supplement, with calcifediol gaining popularity, which is an order of magnitude superior to cholecalciferol in terms of dose-time-effectiveness. Clinical studies by foreign authors have shown that the use of calcifediol in some cases is accompanied by an improvement in muscle function, a decrease in systolic blood pressure, restoration of acceptable levels of parathyroid hormone and other positive biological effects. Also, there is no doubt about the safety and absence of toxic effects of calcifediol as a therapeutic agent. Most foreign experts studying the applicability of calcifediol for the treatment of patients indicate its increased hydrophilicity, which provides it with the greatest advantages in the treatment of diseases associated with a decrease in absorption in the intestine. It is clear that large-scale laboratory and clinical studies are needed to obtain final conclusions about the therapeutic usefulness, scope, dosage and duration of use of calcifediol, however, the prospect of widespread use of this drug as a therapeutic agent is also beyond doubt.
Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is characterized by a significant decrease in mortality, however, the scale of infection of the population with SARS-CoV-2 is many times higher than the results of previous waves, so scientific research related to understanding the fundamental principles of the processes of origin and development of COVID-19 is extremely relevant today and will remain relevant for a long time to come. The scientific community is actively discussing the paradoxical effect of an avalanche-like morbidity and mortality of the population in most countries that are at a high level of socio-economic development, one of the reasons for which may be the prevalence of overweight people. The authors carried out a correlation analysis of the relationships between the prevalence of overweight (OW) in men and women in 173 countries of the world, incidence and mortality, the value of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of the state, and the human development index (HDI). A review of the state of the problem and our statistical calculations clearly indicate that the prevalence of overweight is accompanied by an increase in the incidence and mortality of the population from COVID-19. The level of incidence and mortality of the population is associated with an exponential relationship with the prevalence of overweight both among the male and female population of the state. The prevalence of overweight has a slightly stronger effect on the increase in morbidity compared to the increase in mortality. The degree of association between incidence/mortality and the prevalence of overweight among men/women in 2021 is lower than in 2020, but the difference is not significant. This suggests that large-scale vaccination of the population in countries with high GDP per capita and high HDI only marginally reduced the impact of OW prevalence on COVID-19 incidence and mortality. The prevalence of overweight in the population is directly proportional to GDP per capita and, to a greater extent, to the HDI. This, in the opinion of the authors, is one of the main reasons for the significantly higher incidence and mortality in countries with a high level of socioeconomic development/
The pandemic COVID-19 continues to take dozens of human lives and destabilize the economy on the planet. In this regard study of the patterns of external conditions influence on incidence dynamics will stay relevant for a long time. The existing views about the influence of atmospheric air temperature are controversial, owing to disparities in geological and climatic conditions for its formation. The data about incidence among population in 22 regions of the Russian Federation during the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic have been collected. There are conducted statistical research on the nature and degree of influence of air temperature on incidence of Russian population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical research of dynamics of ambient air temperature influence on human incidence depending on the latitude were conducted. At low negative temperatures (< –9.84 °C), an increase in air temperature leads, in most cases, to an increase in theincidence of COVID-19. At ambient air temperatures in the range from –9.84 to +25…+ 30° C, an increase in air temperature is most often accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19, which is associated with a decrease in the infectious activity of SARS-CoV-2. The authors consider it necessary to conduct laboratory studies of the effect of negative temperatures on the survival and infectious activity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Russia, which will make it possible to predict the most dangerous infectious periods and determine methods to reduce the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research results lead to a better understanding of physical meaning of air temperature influence on COVID-19 incidence and give an opportunity to predict the periods of the most dangerous infection conditions.
Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem and poses a particular threat to the elderly and those with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disease, recurrent infections, immunodeficiency, and patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. D-avitaminosis is extremely common among pregnant women and has a huge impact not only on the health of the mother, but also on the health of the child throughout his later life. There is an inverse correlation between human serum 25(OH)D levels and incidence of twelve types of cancer, with prevalence of myocardial dysfunction, mortality due to heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. In this paper, an analysis of documents regulating the procedure for increasing the level of vitamin D for therapeutic purposes was carried out. It is shown that many documents are replete with contradictions and need to be corrected. Uncertainty in research results, recommendations and guidelines leads to wide variability in the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of doctors, which translates into an equally wide variability in doctors’ advice to patients on types of supplements, dosage, frequency and duration of vitamin D intake. In this regard, based on the results of numerous clinical experiments on increasing the level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum of residents of Europe, the USA and Canada, we have obtained multiple correlation equations that describe the relationship between the level of the required daily dosage of cholecalciferol and calcifediol supplements with the patient’s age, the initial level of calcifediol in the blood serum, the required value of its increase and duration of taking the drug, which can be used by practitioners when choosing a daily dosage of a vitamin for each patient, taking into account international experience. The results of multiple correlations in the authors’ studies, largely echoing some of the results of studies by foreign scientists, suggest the possibility of revising the currently existing stereotypes about the usage of higher daily doses of vitamin D to increase the level of calcifediol concentration in the blood serum of elderly patients, compared to younger ones.
In Russia, the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic began, much more dangerous than all the previous ones, so the problem of vaccination of the population, as the main way to prevent incidence, is extremely urgent. The work statistically studied the dependence оf the population incidence of thirty countries in Europe, America and Asia on the level of vaccination of the population. The research results showed that on the territory of Western Europe for the once vaccinated population, the minimum required coverage of the population, providing a significant decrease in the incidence rate, is 70 %. For a double-vaccinated population, the minimum required vaccination coverage is on average 61 %. The most prominent, inevitable decrease in the incidence rate occurs when the entire population is covered by double vaccination in the range from 70 to 90 %. The vaccination threshold of 60 % (of the total Russia population) announced in the Russian Federation, according to the authors, will not be able to solve the problem of preventing the COVID-19 pandemic in our country totally.
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