Against the background of global climate change, most of the territory of Ukraine today is semi-arid, which causes a decrease in the efficiency of the vegetable growing industry. Due to aridity and elevated temperatures in summer, the normal growth and development of plants, namely vining cucumber, is disrupted. The efficiency of artificial irrigation is also decreasing due to the rise in the price of fresh water and energy carriers for its supply to plants. Soil absorbents and the use of mulching can solve these issues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various forms of soil absorbent against the background of the use of various mulching materials of organic and synthetic origin on the productivity of vining cucumber. This study involved field, laboratory, statistical, and computational-analytical methods. Studies have established that upon mulching the soil with black polyethylene film together with the introduction of a soil absorbent in the form of a gel, phenological phases of growth and development occur most quickly in vining cucumber plants, and the fruiting period increases by 11 days compared to the control. The combination of film mulching and absorbent gel allowed increasing the height of the main stem by 15.2%, the number of leaves on the plant by 43.9%, and the leaf area by 26.5% compared to the control version. It was established that the highest commercial yield is provided by mulching the soil with a black film together with the introduction of an absorbent in the form of pellets and gel – 56.6-56.8 t/ha, which is 27.5-27.9% more than the control. The marketability of the yield was 99.2-99.4%. Cucumber fruits for mulching with a film and applying an absorbent in the form of a gel had a high content of dry matter (5.3%) and the sum of sugars (2.20%). Lowest nitrate level (N-NO3) in cucumber fruits provided mulching with black agrofibre without an absorbent (53.0 mg/kg)
Purpose. To optimize the method of clonal micropropagation of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.). Methods. Seeds of rocket cultivars 'Znahar' and 'Lybid' were used for introduction into in vitro culture. Solutions of sodium hypochlorite (35%), ethanol (70%) and HgCl2 (0.2%) were used for sterilization. A 5% solution of chloramine served as a control. Sterile material was planted on liquid and solid agar nutrient media according to Murashige-Skoog (MS) and Hamborg-Eveleg (B5). A solid nutrient medium MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP was used as a control at all stages of reproduction. 6–benzylaminopurine (BAP), benzylaminopurine (BA), kinetin, IAA, NAA and IBA were added to media for reproduction and rooting. The control was IAA (0.5 mg/l). Results. Sterilization of seeds with HgCl2 resulted in obtaining 93 and 90% sterile material; however, no viable seeds were found. The highest indicators of material sterility in the studied rocket varieties were noted for the use of sodium hypochlorite solution: in 'Znahar' 93% and 'Lybid' 89%. In addition, viability in this treatment was at the level of 90 and 85%, respectively. Higher indicators of both the number of shoots (8 and 6) and their height (8 and 3 cm) of both studied varieties were obtained on the MS medium (medium B5 – 5 and 5 shoots, and 5 and 4 cm, respectively). The most intensive shoot formation occurred with the use of kinetin. In particular, on the MS medium, variety 'Znahar' formed 19 shoots, 'Lybid' 17 shoots; on B5 – 16 and 13 shoots, respectively. At a concentration of 0.8 mg/l, the length of the shoots of the studied varieties was with IAA 10 and 8 cm, with NAA 15 and 13 cm and with IBA 18 and 16 cm, respectively. The same tendency was observed when the concentration increased to 1.2 mg/l. The number of lateral roots varied from 3 to 7 in the control and from 4 to 11 in the experimental treatments. Most of the roots were formed at an IBA concentration of 1.2 mg/l. In the case of adding 0.8 mg/l of NAA, 7 roots were formed in 'Znahar' and 5 in 'Lybid'; when increasing the concentration to 1.2 mg/l the number was 10 and 9, respectively. Conclusions. The worst indicators of viable seed material were obtained after sterilization with a HgCl2 solution (93 and 90% of sterile and 0% of viable seeds) and the best with sodium hypochlorite solution (93 and 89% of sterile and 90 and 85% of viable seeds). On the liquid nutrient media according to different prescriptions, the smallest indicators of the height of shoots and their number were obtained. Also, in these treatments, the vitrification of plants, their slow growth and insignificant shoot formation were observed. The longest root system was formed in the studied rocket varieties with adding IBA to the nutrient medium. At the same time, under such conditions, regardless of the IBA concentration, plants formed too long root system that can be injured during planting; therefore, it is more appropriate to use IAA and NAA or their combination.
У статті наведено трирічні дані про вплив різних регуляторів росту рослин на врожайність і якість плодів огірка районованого гібрида Сатіна за вирощування рослин на вертикальній шпалері в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України. Подано дані щодо проходження основних фенологічних фаз росту і розвитку рослин огірка, біометричних параметрів, загальної та товарної урожайності, товарності плодів та вмісту деяких хімічних елементів у плодах, кореляційного та дисперсійного аналізу одержаних результатів досліджень. Встановлено, що порівняно з контролем кінцеві фази росту і розвитку рослин на 2−4 доби швидше відбувалися у варіантах застосування регуляторів росту рослин. Зокрема, перші плоди у цих варіантах збирали вже на 26−28 добу від садіння розсади. Порівняно з контролем, усі регулятори росту сприяли збільшенню висоти та діаметра головного стебла, формуванню більшої кількості листків на рослині та площі їх асиміляційної поверхні. Серед регуляторів росту більший вплив на біометричні показники рослин чинили Тур та Біолан. Найвищу товарну урожайність було одержано за використання регуляторів Тур та Біолан – відповідно 50,5 т/га і 49,8 т/га, що на 6,4 т/га та 5,7 т/га більше контролю. Інші препарати забезпечили дещо меншу прибавку товарної урожайності – 3,3−4,7 т/га. Усі регулятори росту рослин сприяли збільшенню товарності врожаю на 0,8−1,7 відсоткових пункти. Проте, найбільша товарність була у варіантах застосування регуляторів Кендал (99,1%) та Ізабіон (98,9%). Під впливом регуляторів росту рослин змінювалися деякі показники біохімічного складу плодів огірка. Під їх дією зростав вміст у плодах сухої речовини та вмісту цукрів. Найбільший вміст сухої речовини був у варіантах Емістиму С та Біолану – по 5,1%. За використання регулятора Біолан плоди містили найбільше цукру – 2,16%. Вміст нітратів у плодах не перевищував максимально допустимого рівня. Однак, найменша їх кількість була у варіантах регуляторів Кендал та Тур – відповідно 65,0 мг/кг і 69,0 мг/кг.
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