It is proposed the analysis of design and production of the internal combustion engine friction units in durability and wear resistance. With a variety and dispersion of factors that determine the durability and wear resistance of the internal combustion tribome, the change in wear and wear intensity during the operation has a pronounced natural character. Evaluation of the design and manufacture of ICE is based on a comparison of the indices of durability and wear resistance of the actual and theoretical tribo-conjugation. Manufacturing tolerances reflect the potential of technical production capabilities. The design coefficient shows the correspondence of the geometry of the newly manufactured friction surface to its optimal, attained parameters. The experimental data are taken from the results of road and accelerated tests of the engines GAZ and ZMZ. Reducing wear in the run-in, design and manufacturing errors is due to improved design and lower manufacturing tolerances. Reducing the intensity of wear and increasing the operating time of parts is associated with the improvement of the material of rubbing surfaces and lubricant, and improvement of roads. The change in the design coefficient indicates that there are no pronounced trends in the design and production of the geometric parameters of the tribo-conjugate. Domestic automotive industry and engine building focused mainly on the domestic market. Design and production took into account the high demand for machines, the sparseness of the larger territory of the country, i.e. low concentration of machines in these areas and the difficulty of organizing a company service that is dependent on the number of machines in the service area. As a result, many vehicles have become uncompetitive in terms of technical characteristics, in price and reliability. The course for the modernization of the production of engines presents increased requirements for design, consisting in the full use of the technical capabilities of manufacturing and determining the prospects for their further growth.
Shredding is one of the most energy-consuming operations in the feed preparation process. Among the methods of shredder materials, precise cutting is a less energy-consuming process and provides a higher quality of the ready product. The efficiency of grain shredders is usually evaluated as a combination of qualitative and quantitative indicators. When improving the shredding process, it is necessary to ensure that the finished product meets the zoo technical requirements, and the shredder provides high productivity with minimal energy consumption. Quantitative indicators include the productivity of the shredder and specific energy consumption. In practice, it is necessary to separate the energy consumption of the shredding process and the energy consumption of the process, taking into account the degree of shredding. The design of a shredder capable of providing oblique cutting with greater efficiency is proposed. The shredder has a truncated rod that is located on a shaft inside a cylinder with longitudinal holes. In the longitudinal holes of the cylinder there are removable counter-cutting knives. The productivity of the given rod shredder generally depends on the mass of crushed particles passing through the hole per rotation of the rod; the frequency of rotation of the rod and the number of holes. As a result, an analytical formula is expressed that allows calculating the productivity of the rod shredder based on these parameters. The results obtained can be used in the design of shredding machines and will be used in the future when creating an experimental installation of a shredder.
It is scientifically proven that the main factors affecting the productive potential of the animals, are the structure of fodder farms, the quality of feed and methods of feeding. It is known that concentrated fodder are an important component in the diet of animals and contribute to a stronger manifestation of their productive potential. For grinding grain into livestock is usually used crusher with different working bodies. The most widely is spread hammer mill grain crusher. This happens due to the simplicity of their construction and relatively high resource of working bodies. Currently, for farmers are of great interest the small-sized feed factories and units, which include crusher grain with a fan. However, along with the obvious advantages of hammer crusher, like with forced feeding of material and with pneumatic, have a number of disadvantages, one of which is the increased wear of their working bodies: hammers, screens, fan blades. The greatest interest from the point of reducing wear represent fan blades, as changing their shape, it is possible to reduce or increase the intensity of wear. In addition, they are more prone to wear, since all of the crushed material passes through them with great speed, while in the grinding chamber, the amount of grain distributed over a larger number of hammers, and the relative velocity of grains in it decreases. The analysis showed that the intensity of wear of working surfaces of the blades of the fan depends on the coefficient of friction of grains on the blade, the angle of the blade to the radius of the rotor disc, and the greatest influence on friction force has a peripheral speed of the blades. To increase the service life of the blades and reduce the intensity of wear and tear it should be choosen the correct form of the smallest possible radius of curvature. The method is proposed on the basis of which it is possible to calculate the amount of wear of fan blades, taking into account its aerodynamic characteristics.
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