The structural features and rheological, mechanical, and relaxation properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends with 7-50 wt % polyester thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), a block copolymer of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(tetramethylene oxide), chemically modified by a diisocyanate chain extender (CE) and reinforced with 30% glass fibers (GF) were studied. The composites were obtained by reactive extrusion with a twin-screw reactor-mixer with a unidirectional rotation of screws. The molecular-structural changes in the materials were judged against data provided by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, relaxation spectrometry, and rheological analysis of the melts. Regardless of the TPEE concentration in the blends with GF-reinforced PET, the addition of CE resulted in the growth of the indices of the mechanical properties at straining, bending, and impact loading and an increase in the melt viscosity. In addition, an increase in the average length of short GFs in the composites and an intensification of interphase adhesion in the polyester binder-GF surface system were observed. The introduction of CE promoted a slowdown in PET crystallization in the composites and intensified the interphase adhesion in the binder-GF system at temperatures higher and lower than the PET glass-transition temperature.
The laws of heat exchange between air and a liquid film flowing down along a solid surface with spherical dimples were investigated experimentally. Three cases of heat transfer were considered: quiescent air, air – liquid counter flow, or their cross flow. In all cases, a significant growth of the heat exchange intensity, especially at air – liquid cross flow, was observed. This is caused by the substantial turbulization of flow and mixing of liquid layers in the film. As a result, it was established that surface profiling (manufacture of dimples) under the optimal conditions leads to an increase in heat exchange intensity by an unexpended factor of 2.5 – 2.8 as compared with a smooth surface, other conditions being equal. The obtained experimental data were generalized in the form of dimensionless dependences Nu vs. Re. The best heat transfer surface can be recommended for use in different heat exchangers.
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