EPA's 1979 and 1993 sludge regulations require that sewage sludge be reduced in vector attraction before it can be applied to the land. In the 1979 regulation, satisfactory vector attraction reduction (VAR) could be demonstrated if treatment processes reduced the volatile solids content of sludge by 38%. The 1993 regulation adds two alternative test methods for aerobic sludges for determining whether VAR has been adequate. In the first method, specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of the sludge must be <1.5 mg O2/hr/g total solids, and in the second method, the additional volatile solids reduction (AVSR) that occurs when the sludge is further digested for 30 days must be <15%. Experimentation with the new tests is described. Comparisons among the three methods showed that the 38% VSR requirement and the SOUR test were equivalent only near 20°C. The AVSR test was more conservative than either of the other tests.
282ChemInform Abstract The title ligands react with BuLi in THF/hexane at -78 rc C followed by addition of anhydrous FeCl2 in benzene to give the complexes (I) (65% yield) and (II) (73% yield). 1H NMR spectra of the analytically pure compounds indicate the presence of all possible isomers (exo,exo; exo,endo and endo,endo) in each case, although the exo,exo isomeric distribution is favored for each compound. The results contrast with those of earlier studies, which predicted the exo,exo isomers to be the sole species formed from these cyclopentadienyl ligands.
The title compound (IV) (space group P212121, Z=4) is synthesized by reduction of titanocene dichloride (I) in the presence of diphenylacetylene (II) and the tricycle (III).
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