The aim of the study: 1) to determine the features of temporary access to documents containing information that may be a medical confidentiality; 2) to identify legislative gaps regarding the regulation of the measure of criminal proceedings; 3) to formulate proposals for improvement of legislation in the part of the investigated issue. Materials and methods: The legal basis for the protection of information that may be a medical confidentiality is provided. Legislative provisions have been identified and analyzed, which provide for particulars of access to documents containing information that may be a medical confidentiality. It is argued that the evidence collected in violation of the procedural order of the measure of criminal proceedings is inadmissible and therefore cannot be taken into account by the court in the future. Writing the article, the authors used both general and special methods of scientific knowledge, namely: formal-legal, formal-logical, comparative analysis and logical-normative. The complex application of these methods has made it possible to formulate science-based conclusions and proposals. Conclusions: Exemption of documents containing information that may constitute medical confidentiality should be done exclusively by temporary access to them. In order to eliminate the legislative gaps of the investigated issue, it is proposed to amend the current legislation accordingly.
The purpose of the article is to highlight the theoretical and practical issues regarding the specifics of secret investigative (search) actions during the pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors. Taking into account the purpose goal, the following tasks are to be solved: firstly, to identify and characterize the legal basis for conducting secret investigative (research) actions during the pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors; secondly, to outline the problematic aspects of conducting secret investigative (research) actions during the pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors; thirdly, to formulate the author’s vision for the elimination of identified legislative inaccuracies and contradictions. On the basis of the current legislation and scientific literature, the peculiarities of conducting undercover investigative (research) actions during the investigation of criminal misdemeanors have been investigated. The need to conduct a study related to the analysis of the peculiarities of secret investigative (search) actions during the investigation of criminal offenses is due to the fact that the tasks of criminal proceedings are manifested both in the protection of the rights and freedoms of the person, and in bringing the guilty to criminal responsibility. The latter is achieved by collecting evidence during the investigation of criminal misdemeanors, one of the ways of which is to conduct covert investigative (search) actions, which have their own peculiarities. This primarily concerns the limitation of the scope of undercover investigative (search) actions during the investigation of criminal misdemeanors.In this regard, the specifics of conducting undercover investigative (search) actions during the investigation of criminal misdemeanors have been highlighted and characterized. It has been determined that the specifics of conducting the secret investigative (search) actions during the inquiry are devoted to Art. 300 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the norm of which is both blanket and forceful at the same time: “For the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, it is allowed to carry out … covert investigative (search) actions, provided for in Part 2 of Art. 264 and Art. 268 of this Code …”. According to the results of the research, the problematic normative aspects regarding the conduct of secret investigative (search) actions during the investigation of criminal offenses have been identified and ways of their elimination have been proposed.
The article is devoted to the topical issue of judicial control over non-interference in the private (personal and family) life of participants in criminal proceedings. The study was conducted in the context of the analysis of the practice of the ECHR, the legal positions of which should be consistently applied in criminal proceedings, evidence of this are the legal requirements on this issue. The notion and concept of judicial control is a necessity component that helps in guaranteeing the respect of human dignity and integrity. It is a common and established principle that, during the pre-trial process, it is the position of those ensuring justice in making sure that the life of persons is respected and safeguarded. It is noted that in accordance with the national legislation of Ukraine, judicial control is a separate function of the court's activities at the stage of pre-trial investigation, directly carried out by the investigating judge. The situation will become precarious and detrimental when the private life of persons is not respected to the fullest. Therefore, it is the responsibility of those ensuring public order during the pre-trial investigation phase in ensuring the respect of the private life of the presumed suspect for the proper implementation of the justice process. In ensuring this right, it is established that the empirical and analytical methods of research are necessary in order to show the effective role played by the European Court of Human Rights in respecting the right to private life during the interrogative phase of inquiry. From the findings, it is seen that, though the Court has played a prominent and pertinent role in the respect of private, the suspect continues in experiencing difficulties when it's private life is at at stake, and it always affects the extent of the justice system.
Статтю присвячено дослідженню сучасного стану нормативно-правового регулювання повноважень керівника органу досудового розслідування. Наголошено, що ефективне забезпечення виконання органами досудового розслідування завдань кримінального провадження, задекларованих у ст. 2 КПК України, неможливе без функціонування відомчого контролю. Відповідно до чинного законодавства, реалізація такого контролю під час здійснення слідчим досудового розслідування в кримінальному провадженні покладається на керівника органу досудового розслідування. Констатовано, що законодавство України з питання організації та процесуального керівництва досудовим розслідування потребує свого узгодження задля уникнення наявним на сьогодні суперечностей. Акцентовано увагу, що в КПК відсутні підстави, за наявності яких керівник органу досудового розслідування уповноважений ознайомлюватися з матеріалами досудового розслідування, що вносить в роботу слідчого елемент невизначеності. Таке твердження пояснюється тим, що неясно, коли і яке кримінальне провадження можна затребувати для ознайомлення; скільки саме часу керівник буде із ним ознайомлюватися; які він може (має) прийняти рішення за результатами такого ознайомлення. За результатами системного аналізу положень ч. 3 ст. 40 КПК України та ч. 2 ст. 312 КПК констатовано, що вони не узгоджені між собою. При цьому ст. 40 КПК України є загальною, а ст. 312 КПК Україниспеціальною, з огляду на що пріоритет має остання. Зроблено висновок, що законодавчі прогалини щодо унормування повноважень керівника органу досудового розслідування негативно позначаються на правозастосовній діяльності. Водночас вони можуть і мають бути вирішені шляхом внесення відповідних змін та доповнень до КПК України і відомчих нормативно-правових актів, які регламентують діяльність керівника органу досудового розслідування, а саме як організаційні аспекти, так і його процесуальну діяльність Ключові слова: керівник, орган досудового розслідування, відомчий контроль, повноваження, слідчий підрозділ
The normative provision of the right to liberty and integrity of the person in the light of international and national legislation has been studied. The provisions of generally recognized international legal acts guaranteeing the right to liberty and integrity of the person have been provided. At the same time, there are also convention regulations, which provide cases of possible restriction of the researched right, and we note that such a right is not absolute in this regard. It has been determined that the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, which regulate the right to liberty and integrity of the person, comply with international legal acts. Particular attention has been paid to the analysis of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, which emphasize the importance of this right, especially in the context of interpreting the requirements of the Art.. 5 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950. In this regard, it has been emphasized that any restriction of the right to liberty and integrity of the person must comply with the provisions of paragraph 1 of the Art. 5 of the said Convention and in no case go beyond its limits, i.e. to be consistent with its purposes (objective). In case of the violation of this right, a person can apply for the protection of his violated rights to the European Court of Human Rights. Taking into account scientific points of view, analysis of the relevant provisions of international and legal acts and national legislation, the author has clarified that the right to liberty and integrity of the person is a natural, inalienable and fundamental right of every human being. In this regard, each Member State, having ratified an international treaty guaranteeing the right to liberty and integrity of the person, is obliged to establish an effective legal mechanism for the protection of such a right in national law.
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