S U M M A R Y1. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) in newborns greatly exceeded PRC in children and adults. PRC in cord plasma of newborns was higher than peripheral venous PRC in their mothers. PRC in the newborns increased further in the first 48 h post partum and then gradually decreased.2. The mean PRC of healthy children and adults on free sodium intake decreased with age by an exponential function.3. The absolute increase of PRC in response to upright posture (PRCuprighl-PRCr,,,,b,,,) decreased with age. The relative increase of PRC in response to upright posture (PRC,,,,,,, : PRC,,,,,,,,,) remained unchanged with age, the PRC in upright posture being about twice the basal PRC in all age groups.Key words: age-dependent renin, renin in childhood, plasma renin concentration. Z U S A M M E N F A S S U N G1. Die Plasma Renin Konzentration (PRC) war in der Neonatalperiode hoher als in der Kindheit und im Erwachsenenalter. Im Nabelschnurblut Neugeborener fand sich eine hohere PRC als im peripher-venosen Blut ihrer Mutter. Die PRC der Neugeborenen stieg innerhalb der ersten 48 Stunden post parrum weiter an und fie1 dann allmahlich ab. 2. Dzr altersabhangige Abfall der PRC gesunder Kinder und Erwachsener wahrend freier Nahrungsaufnahme folgte einer Exponentialfunktion. 3. Der absolute Anstieg der PRC nach aktiver Orthostase (PRCo,lhoslase -PRCRuhe) verminderte sich mit zunehmendem Alter. Der relative Anstieg (PRCorlhoslase : PRCR,,,) war unabhangig vom Alter; die PRC nach Orthostase betrug etwa das Doppelte des Ruhewertes in allen Altersgruppen. 213s 274s K. Hayduk et al.Numerous studies have been done on plasma renin concentration and plasma renin activity in adults in various physiopathological conditions, but there are only a few data in the literature concerning these parameters in the neonatal period and in childhood (

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The variety of factors controlling the onset of parturition, äs well äs the very complex mechanisms which physiologically maintain pregnancy by inhibiting uterine contractions are only partially understood today. As long äs the triggering mechanisms, and the conditions favoring timely and early labor are incompletely known, symptomatic therapeutic attempts aim at blocking unwanted contractile activity of the uterine smooth muscle fibres. The high rates of neonatal mortality and morbidity associated with premature births [52] have stimulated efforts to find agents which safely inhibit uterine contractions in humans.

In 1984 the GBSG started a multicenter randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) with or without radiotherapy (RT) as adjuvant treatment in node‐positive breast‐cancer patients treated by mastectomy. During 5 years, 199 patients were randomized. After a median follow‐up of about 9 years, the treatment groups 6 × CMF and 6 × CMF + RT were compared regarding time to recurrence and death. As the first event of failure, we observed locoregional recurrence in 22 patients, distant metastases in 66 patients, a secondary malignancy in 9 patients and death without previous event in 5 patients. For event‐free survival (EFS), no significant difference was observed [relative risk (RR) 6 × CMF + RT vs. 6 × CMF 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55–1.21]. Event‐specific analysis showed a significant decreased risk after radiotherapy for locoregional recurrence. The risk for distant metastases was estimated as slightly decreased and the risk for secondary malignancy and for death without previous event was estimated as increased in treatment group 6 × CMF + RT in comparison with treatment group 6 × CMF, but these effects were not significant. For overall survival (OS) and breast‐cancer‐specific survival (BCS), no significant treatment effect could be demonstrated. There is a beneficial effect of radiotherapy on locoregional recurrence. For EFS and BCS, a tendency in favour of radiotherapy is observed, but this is not significant; for OS, no difference can be demonstrated, but the power of the study is too low to detect small treatment effects. Int. J. Cancer 86:408–415, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.