The effect of spectrometer resolution on the peak intensity and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a Lorentzian spectrum is obtained by evaluating the convoluted line shapes. Spectrometer resolution functions (SRF) having Gaussian and triangular profiles are considered separately. Empirical relations to estimate the true peak intensity and the FWHM from the observed parameters are suggested. These relations are valid over an extended range of parameters with an accuracy better than that of other methods suggested earlier. As an application, the true FWHM's and peak intensities of the main component of the Raman active Ag mode of sulphate ion in potash alum at low temperatures are evaluated.

The growing affluence of urban India has made the ownership of vehicles a necessity. This has resulted in an unexpected civic problem -that of traffic control and vehicle identification. Parking areas have become overstressed due to the growing numbers of vehicles on the roads today. The Automatic Number Plate Recognition System (ANPR) plays an important role in addressing these issues as its application ranges from parking admission to monitoring urban traffic and to tracking automobile thefts. There are numerous ANPR systems available today which are based on different methodologies. In this paper, we attempt to review the various techniques and their usage. The ANPR system has been implemented using template Matching and its accuracy was found to be 80.8% for Indian number plates.

Background & objectives:Non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging techniques are safe as these can be repeatedly used on as individual and are applicable across all age groups. Breast thermography is a non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging that can be potentially used in breast cancer detection and diagnosis. In this study, we used breast thermography to estimate the tumour contour from the breast skin surface temperature.Methods:We proposed a framework called infrared thermography based image construction (ITBIC) to estimate tumour parameters such as size and depth from cancerous breast skin surface temperature data. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method was used to enhance the accuracy of estimation in order to reflect clearly realistic situation.Results:We validated our method experimentally using Watermelon and Agar models. For the Watermelon experiment error in estimation of size and depth parameters was 1.5 and 3.8 per cent respectively. For the Agar model it was 0 and 8 per cent respectively. Further, thermal breast screening was done on female volunteers and compared it with the magnetic resonance imaging. The results were positive and encouraging.Interpretation & conclusions:ITBIC is computationally fast thermal imaging system and is perhaps affordable. Such a system will be useful for doctors or radiologists for breast cancer diagnosis.

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