According to world statistics, dogs and cats are the species that owners most frequently seek assistance with potential poisonings, accounting 95–98% of all reported animal cases. Exposures occur more commonly in the summer and in December that is associated with the holiday season. The majority (>90%) of animal poisonings are accidental and acute in nature and occur near or at the animal owner's home. Feeding human foodstuff to pets may also prove dangerous for their health.The aim of this review was to present common food items that should not be fed (intentionally or unintentionally) to dogs, i.e. chocolate, caffeine, and other methylxanthines, grapes, raisins, onion, garlic, avocado, alcohol, nuts, xylitol contained in chewing gum and candies, etc. Onion and avocado are toxic for cats, too. The clinical effects of individual toxicants and possible therapy are also mentioned. Knowing what human food has the potential to be involved in serious toxicoses should allow veterinarians to better educate their clients on means of preventing pet poisonings.It can be concluded that the best advice must surely be to give animal fodder or treats specifically developed for their diets.
ABSTRACT:In this article, we deal with the 80th birthday of Prof. Jozef Vodrážka, M.V.D., D.Sc., and also with 52-year history of the Department of Pharmacology, since the establishment of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Košice, Slovak Republic, in the academic year 1949/1950. Our goal is to provide the basic information about the history of the Department of Pharmacology. We also describe the activity of its full-time staff as well as some other people (undergraduate and postgraduate home students, and some foreign visiting teachers and scientists) in a summary form. In conclusion we can say that the history of this department and its people has been very rich and highly productive, not only in their scientific and publishing activities but also in the pedagogical and intellectual orientation of the section. We hope that this tendency will remain not only in the nearest but also in more distant future to enhance the reputation of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice.
Bisphenol A (BPA) [2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane] is an important industrial agent, made by combining acetone and phenol, that is used extensively as a monomer in the production of polycarbonate plastics and as a precursor of epoxy resins. Micronucleus assays have served as an index of cytogenetic damage in in vivo and in vitro studies. We studied the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of BPA on bovine peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. Lymphocyte cultures from two donors were exposed to four different concentrations of BPA (1 × 10(-4), 1 × 10(-5), 1 × 10(-6), and 1 × 10(-7) mol.L(-1)) for 48 h. The highest concentration of BPA (1 × 10(-4) mol.L(-1)) resulted in a significant increase in the number of micronuclei in comparison with the negative control (67.50 ± 2.121/1,000 binucleated cells versus 36.0 ± 5.657/1,000 binucleated cells in the DMSO control, P = 0.018). BPA did not affect the nuclear division index at any treatment concentrations. The present results thus demonstrate a significant genotoxic effect by BPA on bovine peripheral lymphocytes in vitro, only at the highest concentration.
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