Topical anesthesia is widely advocated in pediatric dentistry practice to reduce pain and anxiety produced by administration of local anesthesia. There are different combinations of topical anesthetic agents that are marketed worldwide. However, sparse literature reports exist regarding clinical efficacy of these agents. Aim: To compare the clinical effectiveness of two strawberry flavored topical anesthetics viz. Precaine⁰ (8% Lidocaine + 0.8% Dibucaine) and Precaine⁰ B (20% Benzocaine) in children before intra oral local anesthetic injections and for extraction of mobile primary teeth. Study Design: This triple blind clinical study included sixty children divided equally under three techniques — palatal injections, inferior alveolar nerve block and extraction of mobile primary teeth. Both the products were used alternately using split mouth design in two visits and the child's pain response was assessed using VAS and SEM pain scale. The scores obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Precaine⁰ has shown lower mean scores in all the techniques under both the pain scales, but were statistically insignificant. Gender wise comparison has also shown lower mean scores for Precaine⁰ for both males and females, however these were statistically insignificant. On visit wise comparison, Precaine⁰ B reported significant lower scores (p<0.05) in visit 2 compared to visit 1 for inferior alveolar nerve block and extraction of mobile primary teeth under SEM pain scale. Conclusion: Precaine⁰ (8% Lidocaine + 0.8% Dibucaine) can be used as effectively as Precaine⁰ B (20% Benzocaine).
In a screening trial, 98 genotypes and cultivars were tested under field conditions. Among the 50 NBPGR lines, 20 AICRIP genotypes, 5 IIHR genotypes and 23 cultivars and hybrids, EC-514117, EC-514190, LE-23, LE-30, Arka Vikas, Akra Abhaya and Akra Saurabh were found resistant to GBNV-To.
The present study was conducted during 2017-2020 with an aim to find out the livelihood patterns of agricultural labourers in three districts of Andhra Pradesh. An Ex post facto research design used for the study. Three districts from three regions namely, Srikakulam from North Coastal Region, Guntur from South Coastal Region were purposively selected based on highest number of agricultural labourers for the study. From each selected district two mandals were selected by using simple random sampling. From each selected village six villages were selected by using the simle random sampling. Thus, total of 24 villages and from each village ten respondents were selected finally a total of 240 respondents were selected for the study. The statistical tools like Mean and standard Deviation used for the study. Livelihood is the means of people use to survive themselves, to endure, and to prosper. The findings were less than wage earning+ crop production (31.67%), wage earning+ dairy (20.83%), wage earning (15.42%), wage earning+ crop production + dairy (12.50%), wage earning + poultry (4.59%), wage earning + crop production + sheep + goat (3.73%), wage earning + dairy + goat (3.33%), wage earning + bee keeping (2.92%), wage earning + crop production+ poultry (2.08%), wage earning+ dairy + petty business (1.26%), wage earning + crop production + piggery and wage earning + dairy+ bee keeping (0.83% each) as livelihood pattern. The strategy was designed with a five-step progressive approach with five core areas to improve the livelihood security of agricultural labourers; the core areas were; education and training, group dynamics, cultural heritage, health and habitat, support and services and communication and networking.
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