No abstract

No abstract

The growing population and increasing water demand necessitate exploring alternative sources of water, including saline water. Saline water treatment technologies have undergone significant advancements in recent years, enabling the production of potable water from seawater and brackish water. This review provides an overview of the current state of saline water treatment technologies, including desalination and membrane-based processes. The advantages and limitations of each technology and their suitability for different applications are discussed. Recent advancements in materials and techniques that have led to improvements in energy efficiency, productivity, and cost-effectiveness of these technologies are highlighted. Finally, the future directions and challenges in the field of saline water treatment are outlined.

No abstract

No abstract

Introduction: Osteoarthritis patients usually come very late in the natural course often having bilateral involvement of degenerative changes. Patients are counseled and advised for staged procedures, however, after the first knee surgery, due to postoperative pain, the majority of them are reluctant to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the other knee. We did a prospective randomized double-blind control study comparing the amount of analgesic required in the immediate postoperative period in those patients who received a periarticular cocktail injection and those who did not, following TKA. Materials and methods: This was a single-center prospective randomized controlled, double-blind, clinical analysis comparing 126 patients receiving intraoperative analgesia cocktail and control group during TKA. Group I (n 72) received local infiltration of analgesic (LIA), group II (n 54) did not receive any injection. Patients were assessed for pain in terms of visual analog scale (VAS) score, postoperative analgesia requirement, and knee range of motion. Results: The mean postoperative Oxford knee score at 2 months of group I was 30.47 (SD 4.45) compared with group II was 30.30 (SD 5.44). There was a significantly lower mean VAS score (3.16) in group I than group II (7.45) and was statistically significant with a p value of 0.0005. At the end of 2 months, both the groups had similar degrees of range of motion. Conclusion: Local infiltration of analgesia during TKA with our combination of drugs effectively reduces postoperative pain and decreased analgesic consumption, without adding much to the cost of the surgery and also significantly improves patient compliance and rehabilitation.

Avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head is very rare compared to that of femoral head, talus, or scaphoid. Mauclaire disease also known as Dietrich's disease is a rare condition that refers to osteonecrosis of the metacarpal head. It can be multifactorial, usually associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), steroid use, or trauma. We present a case of 13-year-old boy, an amateur volleyball player presented with pain and swelling of the right index finger for 3 months. Initial X-rays were normal but subsequent X-rays revealed a mild flattening of the second metacarpal head; blood investigations were normal. The MRI revealed osteonecrosis with mild flattening of the second metacarpal head with synovial effusion. The patient was misdiagnosed as tuberculosis of the metacarpal head before presenting to us. The patient was treated conservatively with good functional outcome. Though several cases of Dietrich's disease have been reported in the literature but none in a volleyball player, just to stress that repeated microtrauma could also be an etiological factor and a rare differential diagnosis in patients with the painful metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. Most of the patients can be managed conservatively with good functional outcome. Curettage and bone grafting, transfer of metatarsal head, osteotomies, arthroplasty (excision or prosthesis), or arthrodesis have been described as various surgical means of treatment.