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Process of joining different components by the application of external heat has resulted in induced stress on metals. Friction stir welding has been developed in order to avoid such residual stress development while joining. In this present work, aluminium alloy AA2024 plates were welded by using Friction stir welding process. The experiments were conducted for different combinations of parameters such as rotational speed, transverse speed and axial load. Welded joints developed were tested for mechanical and microstructure analysis. Mechanical joints developed have a maximum hardness of 147.6 hv in nugget zone and maximum tensile strength of 368.76 N/mm 2. Response surface analysis carried out has revealed that transverse speed and rotational speed has high impact on the hardness and tensile strength respectively. The grains at the nugget zone were very fine and uni-axed improving their tensile strength.

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In this study, an attempt was made to develop and characterize Snake Grass Fiber (SGF)/Silicon Carbide (SiC)/epoxy and Snake Grass Fiber/Sisal Fiber (SF)/Silicon Carbide/epoxy hybrid composites using a compression moulding technique. Mechanical characteristics of the produced hybrid composites such as tensile, flexural, and hardness tests were analyzed. Also experiments have been carried out to predict the thermal stability of the fabricated composite samples. The interface between fiber and matrix was examined by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Among SGF/SiC/epoxy and SGF/SF/SiC/epoxy composites, it has been observed that hybrid composite SGF/SF/SiC/epoxy exhibits the higher hardness of 82 Shore-D, tensile strength of 51 MPa and flexural strength of 73 MPa. In contrast to the mechanical properties, the percentage of water absorption was lower in the SGF/SiC/epoxy hybrid composite. It is proven from the results that the SGF/SF/SiC/epoxy hybrid composites will enhance the strength of the composites. This composite material is also a potential candidate for the hardware of energy devices including electrochemical energy along with Fuel Cell systems.

Nowadays, titanium and alloy materials are encouraged for biomedical applications. Fabrication of the passive layer over the titanium materials is limited. Typically, a plain titanium sample is not suitable for bioimplant applications because the adhesion of biological elements like blood cells, tissues, and bones is poor. The use of surface-modified titanium resolves this issue. Surface modifications on titanium by electrochemical methods are simple and cost-effective. The addition of water to the ethylene-based electrolyte-enhanced the oxidation process to increase the length of the nanotubes. Surface morphological analysis shows that the length of the nanotubes has been increased, nanoindentation analysis delivers that increasing the length has been increased the hardness level, and corrosion analysis indicates that the length of nanotubes encouraged the corrosion resistance. Potentiodynamic polarization, Bode and Nyquist plots were models fit analyzed with equivalent electrical circuits. Sample cell viability was characterized with NIH-3T3 cells using an inverted microscopy analyzer.

Electrochemical anodization is a unique surface modification technique for modifying the titanium surface. Electrochemical alteration of titanium surface increases the material efficiency in biomedical applications. The present research work analyses the fabrication of TiO2 nanotubes by increasing the water content and the various results and characterization enhance the cell viability. The influence of water content in electrolytes improves cell viability and at the same time, it is non-toxic. The surface morphologies were studied with HR-SEM, phase transformation was characterized using X-ray diffraction and cell viability was investigated with MTT assay by NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells incubation time for 48 hours (standard time incubation).

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