The soil fertility status and mapping their spatial distribution play a crucial role for sustainable planning of particular area. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the soil fertility status of the Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti, Thoothukudi district. The farm is situated 8° 48’ and 9° 20’ North latitude and 78° 25’ east longitude at 90 MSL. The total 18 samples were collected randomly at a depth of 0-20 cm by using soil sampling auger. A GPS device was used for determination of geographical position of soil sampling points. The collected samples were analyzed following standard analytical methods in the laboratory of Soil Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti. The Arc-GIS 10.1 software was used for the soil fertility distribution mapping. The In red soil farm, the observed data revealed that the soil pH ranged from 7.41 to 7.88. The distribution soil pH varied from mild alkaline to moderate. Soil EC ranged between 0.23 to 1.12 dSm-1. The nature of the soil EC was non-saline. The soil available nitrogen ranged from 158 to 199 kg/ha. This area having low level of soil available nitrogen distribution. The soil available phosphorus ranged between 12.5 to 18.5 kg/ha. The distribution of soil available phosphorus is medium in variability. The available soil potassium ranged from 255 to 478 kg/ha. The soil available potassium having high distribution in red soil. In black soil farm, the soil pH ranged from 7.78 to 8.46. The distribution of the soil pH extended from mild alkaline to moderate alkaline. The soil EC ranged from 0.25 to 1.23 dSm-1. The distribution of the soil EC was non - saline in nature. The soil available nitrogen ranged from 103 to 163 kg/ha. The soil available phosphorus ranged from 7.7 to 12.7 kg/ha. The distribution of the available soil phosphorus was low to medium in status. In spite of soil available potassium ranges between 360 to 560 kg/ha. The distribution of the soil available potassium is high in black soil farm. The determined soil test data can be used for sustainable soil management as well as developing future research strategy in the farm.
A field study was carried out to evaluate the yield potential of 10 sunflower hybrids under rainfed vertisols condition at Black Soil Farm, Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu during Rabi Season of 2016 -18. The hybrids such as Krishian, Arathana, Ganga GK 2002, Suvathi, Sun bread 293, Sun bread 275, Arunodhaya, Sunny, Modern were compared with variety CO 2. Among the hybrids significantly higher plant height was recorded in CO 2 (123.7and 113.0 cm) and the lowest in sunny (91.1and 71.7 cm). However, maximum capitulum diameter was observed in Sunny (19.4 and 15.9 cm) and minimum in Sun bread 293 (11.3 and 11.1 cm). The early maturing varieties were modern (90 and 75 days). Among the hybrids significantly higher seed yield was observed in Suvathi (1157 and 979 kg/ha), Sun bread 275 (1174 and 1105 kg/ha) and Sunny (1235 and 1236 kg/ha) over variety CO2 (763 and 514 kg/ha). The highest oil content was in Sunny (37.3 and 37.6 %) followed by Krishna (35.6 and 35.4%) and Ganga GK 2002(35.5 and 35.4 %). However, the maximum oil yield was recorded in Sunny (461 and 465 kg/ha) over other hybrids.
In rainfed situation soil erosion, low plant nutrients availability and soil moisture stress during cropping season are among the major limitations to high crop production and sustainable land management in a rainfed Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT) in India. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of land configuration practices and fertilizer split application methods under vertisols condition in Rabi sorghum. The results revealed that the in-situ soil moisture conservation practices viz., broad bed furrow registered the highest yield attributes, yield, soil fertility status and plant nutrient uptake in rainfed sorghum. Under vertisols rainfed condition soil moisture conservation methods viz., broad bed furrow recorded higher yield (1611 kg/ha), net income (Rs.6675/ha), BC ratio (1.37) and RWUE (4.49 kg/hamm). But in case of fertilizer treatments, the treatment applied with 20 kg N as urea + 20 kg P2O5 enriched with farm yard manure + 10 kg K2O/ha as basal application and top dressing as 20kg N as urea and 10kg K kg/ha registered higher yield attributes, grain yield (1734 kg/ha), stalk yield (4357 kg/ha), net income (Rs.10607), BC ratio (1.70) and RWUE (4.81 kg/hamm) and plant nutrient uptake viz., nitrogen uptake (67.82 kg/ha), phosphorus uptake (19.30 kg/ ha), potassium uptake (108.06 kg/ha) and zinc uptake (117.1), respectively.
Background: Poor soil fertility is a yield limiting factor in cotton production for realizing higher seed cotton yield. Chemical fertilizers are an important input to get higher crop productivity, but over reliance on chemical fertilizers is associated with declines in some soil properties and crop yields over time and causes serious problems, such as soil degradation. Therefore, an integrated use of inorganic fertilizers with organic manures is a sustainable approach for efficient nutrient usage which enhances efficiency of the chemical fertilizers while reducing nutrient losses. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti under dryland situation to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic nutrients on crop yield, quality and soil fertility status in rainfed Bt cotton. Different crop residues viz., sunflower, pulse haulm, sorghum and cotton residues were collected and composted using TNAU biomineralizer and applied to the experimental trial. Result: It was observed that the application of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (120:60:60 N:P:K kg/ha) along with vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha registered the higher seed cotton yield (1600 kg/ha), dry matter production (2444 kg/ha, net income (Rs.11168 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.40) and rain water use efficiency (2.02 kg ha-1 mm) and also increased the plant nutrient uptake. Integrated application of organic and inorganic plant nutrients increased the soil available nutrients in the deep clay soil and sustain the productivity of seed cotton yield in semiarid region of southern district.
Aims: To evaluate the effect of tillage methods on soil moisture storage, grain yield, economics and rain water use efficiency in semi-arid region Study Design: Four tillage methods viz. conventional tillage, Rotovator ploughing + chisel ploughing, chisel ploughing + tiller ploughing, conservation tillage (Minimum tillage with retention of crop residue) at different time of ploughing. Place and Duration of Study: Kovilpatti, a representative location of semi-arid regions of Southern Tamil Nadu. This study was conducted from 2015 to 2021 with the alternate years of crop rotation of cotton and greengram. Methodology: The field experiments were in cotton and greengram in black soil under rain fed situations. Soil samples were collected at different depths to assess the soil moisture storage. Yield was recorded and cost of cultivation was worked out. Rainwater used for obtaining higher yield was calculated. . Results: Soil moisture storage in subsurface soil layers was higher in conservation methods of tillage followed by rotatvator and chisel ploughing method. For both crops, Rotovator plough followed by chisel plough recorded the higher rain water use efficiency, yield and net return. Conclusion: This study clearly indicated that Rotovator ploughing once followed by chisel ploughing once could be adopted as a promising strategy to retain soil water availability and boost crop productivity in semiarid regions of Tamil Nadu.
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