In this paper, we propose a model of a dipole with an atomic structure instead of the standard dipole model with point unlike charges and the Hertzian dipole model, which have significant drawbacks. The equations of the Hertzian dipole and the standard model operate from a distance much larger than size of the dipole, and the quasistatic Coulomb and Biot-Savart fields are the essence of the reactive near field, its own fields with a phase shift Δφ E,H = π/2, which have no restrictions on the distances to a dipole, since they are directly related to charges and their motion -currents. In the framework of the proposed dipole model, we described the physical mechanisms for the formation of near and far fields of an oscillating dipole, which are based on the use of the Coulomb and BiotSavart fields, the quasistatic lines of force of their electric charge fields Е, and the magnetic fields of the currents Н for the analysis of energy fluxes: reactive S r at Δφ E,H = π/2 and active S а at Δφ E,H = 0 alike. запропонована модель диполя зі структурою атома замість стандартної моделі диполя з точковими різнойменними зарядами та моделі диполя Герца, які мають істотні недоліки. Рівняння диполя Герца і стандартної моделі виконуються для відстані, що значно перевищує розмір самого диполя, а квазістатичні поля Кулона і Біо-Савара є суттю реактивного ближнього поля, його власними полями зі зсувом фаз Δφ E,H = π/2, які не мають обмежень на відстань до диполя, оскільки безпосередньо зв'язані з зарядами та їхнім рухом -струмами. В рамках запропонованої моделі диполя нами були описані фізичні механізми формування ближніх і дальніх полів осцилюючого диполя, які грунтуються на використанні полів Кулона та Біо-Савара, квазістатичних силових ліній їх електричних зарядових полів Е і магнітних полів струмів Н для аналізу потоків енергії: як реактивних S r при Δφ E,H = π/2, так і активних S а при Δφ E,H = 0. КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: диполь, ближнє поле, дальнє поле, розкомпенсація, осциляція предложена модель диполя со структурой атома вместо стандартной модели диполя с точечными разноименными зарядами и модели диполя Герца, которые имею существенные недостатки. Уравнения диполя Герца и стандартной модели работают от расстояния, намного превышающего размер самого диполя, а квазистатические поля Кулона и Био-Савара являются сутью реактивного ближнего поля, его собственными полями со сдвигом фаз Δφ E,H = π/2, которые не имеют ограничений на расстояния к диполю, поскольку непосредственно связаны с зарядами и их движением -токами. В рамках предложенной модели диполя нами были описаны физические механизмы формирования ближних и дальних полей осциллирующего диполя, которые основаны на использовании полей Кулона и Био-Савара, квазистатических силовых линий их электрических зарядовых полей Е и магнитных полей токов Н для анализа потоков энергии: как реактивных S r при Δφ E,H = π/2, так и активных S а при Δφ E,H = 0. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: диполь, ближнее поле, дальнее поле, раскомпенсация, осцилляция В классической электродинамике есть модель диполя Герца [1][2][3...
The destruction of surface nano-inhomogeneities of a quartz substrate using the optical nearfield dipole-dipole interaction of atomic chlorine with SiO2 is studied. A method to obtain atomic chlorine by the local photodissociation of molecular chlorine by the optical near-field of the quartz substrate nano-inhomogeneities is proposed. The polarization of chlorine atoms and SiO2 by means of an evanescent wave, which is generated on the substrate surface, is investigated. A method is proposed to obtain the most optimal orientation of the dipoles of atomic chlorine and SiO2, using the features of the optical near-field, to maximally efficiently destroy the quartz substrate nano-inhomogeneities. The application of the composite quasiparticle model describing the optical near-field interaction of dipoles is considered. K e y w o r d s: subnano-polishing, destruction, dipole-dipole interaction, photodissociation, optical near-field, evanescent wave.
Purpose. The article proposes a technical solution to the design of the root-fastening assembly of turnouts, which corresponds to the operating conditions of the railways. Methodology. To achieve the stated goal, the authors analyzed the existing designs of root binding of turnouts and formulated proposals that should be used when developing new technical solutions for root binding. The designs of root bonds should provide simplicity of construction, have a few number of parts, be repairable; allow to use of special devices for the mechanization of installation and dismantling works, have a few cost, provide high reliability. It must also to provide high accuracy along the width of the path. Structures should be able to control the width of the path to the standard indicators in the lateral direction, and if necessary (in a straight line). The designs of root bonds should be adapted for all climatic conditions of Ukraine. Findings. Proposals have been used in the development and improvement of technical solutions for root bonding. A root binding was developed which was called the root binding of the insert-nodule type P and an improved root binding was developed, the improved design was called the root binding of the insert-nodular type SD. The developed technical solutions for the design of root bonds meet the requirements, and with the current content of the switch, they solve the problem of the need to adjust the width of the path in the knit root node. Originality. It has been established that the technical solution of root fastening of the insert-overlay type of CD has advantages over the technical solution of root fastening of the insert-overlay type P since it has the ability to move the root of the wit by changing the position of the regulating element to the field side, thereby facilitating the current maintenance of the path. Practical value. Proposals were developed for regulating the width of the path using the regulating element of the root fastening of the liner-overlay type of CD, the proposals took into account the requirements for different operating conditions, namely for the main, receiving and other routes taking into account the corresponding tolerances for them, the corresponding schemes of the control plates are given.
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