The characteristic features, criteria and algorithm of the currently available method of self-regulation of the arc in mechanised arc welding with a constant consumable electrode feed rate are investigated. The main problem is that when it is necessary to reduce the welding current, for example with an increase of the thickness of the welded edges or the leg length of the fillet welded joint, welding should be carried out with a wire with a smaller diameter, down to 0.5 mm or even 0.3 mm. This complicates welding technology and increases the price of the wire because of multiple drawing of the wire to the small diameter. Therefore, the main task is to improve the algorithm of self-regulation of the arc and, consequently, reduce the minimum value of the current density, lower than 30 A/mm 2 for a steel wire with a diameter of 5 mm at which selfregulation of the arc is still possible, in order to widen the technological possibilities of the method and reduce the cost of technology. The authors believe that this approach would make it possible to produce efficient tools for understanding physical processes accompanying the formation of permanent joints by different arc welding methods.Keywords: weighted average value of the current density on the electrode; coefficient of arc self-regulation; coefficient of arc stability; curve of the welding head stable operation; voltage deficit; current deficit; arc elasticity; margin of arc length; impulse arc current; pause arc current
Mechanized arc welding is divided into two main varieties: with self-regulation of the electrode melting process and with automatic process control. The common thing between self-regulating mechanized arc welding and manual arc welding is that in the welding equipment there are no means for automatic control with feedback from the arc. The difference between them is that stabilization of the electrode melting process in mechanized welding is carried out by the source itself, which has a particular volt-ampere characteristic (CVC), by a corresponding spontaneous reaction to a change in the situation in the arc. This method is significantly inferior to the method with automatic process control in precisely maintaining the specified parameters and has a limitation on the minimum current density on the electrode. The method of pulse self-regulation of the electrode melting process proposed in the E.O.Paton EWI removes this problem. However, it requires the use of power sources with a complicated, multi-link CVC curve. Further improvement is revealed through the use of digital controlled, programmable power supplies that have an automatically generated CVC. The combination of automatic source control and self-regulation by the spontaneous reaction to the situation in the arc creates a new hybrid way to stabilize the process of arc welding with a consumable electrode and other related arc processes (surfacing, soldering, re-melting).
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