<p>We herein report the first clinical case of prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic arch to repair a giant aneurysm in a 7-month-old child. The ascending aorta and arch replacement to the level of left subclavian artery was performed using a no. 16 Polymaille prosthesis, the brachiocephalic trunk was reimplanted into the vascular prosthesis and the kinked section of the left common carotid artery was removed, followed by reimplanting the left common carotid artery into the left subclavian artery. First, proximal anastomosis with the vascular prosthesis was created using a no. 16 Polymaille prosthesis and the vascular suture was strengthened with a Teflon strip. During circulatory arrest, the aortic arch was crossed between the orifice of the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery, with the cut extended to the isthmus region along the small curvature of the arch. The brachiocephalic trunk was aligned and brought down, with subsequent implantation into the ascending aorta prosthesis 2 cm below the initial fixation point. In the final stage, the kinked section of the left common carotid artery was resected and the aligned left carotid artery was directly reimplanted into the left subclavian artery using end-to-side anastomosis. The patient developed tracheobronchitis and moderate heart failure during the postoperative period. The duration of mechanical ventilation was 16 hours. Infusion and antibacterial therapy were discontinued on postoperative day 8. On postoperative day 13, the patient was discharged and referred to the outpatient centre for further treatment and rehabilitation. A sufficiently large-sized prosthesis allows for further development in paediatric patients. This is facilitated by the preservation of the native aortic root with restored valve function and the formation of a bevelled distal anastomosis with a small unchanged aortic section in the isthmus region, which maintains growth potential. This first reported case of an infant demonstrates the possibility of combination interventions on the aortic arch and brachiocephalic artery during the first year of life.</p><p>Received 30 January 2021. Revised 24 March 2021. Accepted 29 March 2021.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflicts of interests.</p><p><strong>Contribution of the authors: </strong>The authors contributed equally to this article.</p>
<p><strong>Aim.</strong> To evaluate the functionality of a bovine monocusp in surgery for tetralogy of Fallot.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> We analyzed the results of surgical treatment in the early postoperative period in eight infants and one year after surgery in seven infants (age range, 0–12 months; mean weight = 7.5 ± 2.3 kg). We used echocardiography to evaluate the residual pressure gradient between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, the degree of regurgitation on the pulmonary valve after surgery and to calculate Z-score and the fibrous ring diameter of the pulmonary valve in the late follow-up period. The degree of insufficiency was assessed by the width and depth of the regurgitation flow using the color Doppler mode.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> The pressure gradient on the eve of discharge did not exceed 25 mmHg for any patient. Pulmonary valve regurgitation was mild in four patients and moderate in the remaining patients. Seven children passed the observation one year after surgery. In one case, we discovered a right ventricle outflow tract obstruction. In other cases, the systolic pressure gradient did not exceed 25 mmHg. Four patients in the late follow-up period had severe valve regurgitation. Despite such valve insufficiency, the leaflet mobility in the bovine jugular vein patch was normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Early postoperative results for reconstructive surgery to repair tetralogy of Fallot with a bovine monocusp were promising. However, long-term results are comparable with those using other materials. The mobility of the native leaflet remains full even a year after surgery. Consequently, we have positive prospects in material improvement for making patches with native monocusps.</p><p>Received 14 May 2020. Revised 8 June 2020. Accepted 10 June 2020.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><strong>Author contributions</strong><br />Conception and study design: A.A. Svobodov, E.G. Levchenko, V.T. Kostava<br />Data collection and analysis: G.S. Netalieva, M.V. Zelivyanskaya<br />Statistical analysis: E.G. Levchenko, M.V. Zelivyanskaya<br />Drafting the article: A.A. Svobodov, V.S. Rasumovsky<br />Critical revision of the article: V.S. Rasumovsky<br />Final approval of the version to be published: A.A. Svobodov, E.G. Levchenko, G.S. Netalieva, V.T. Kostava, M.V. Zelivyanskaya, V.S. Rasumovsky</p>
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