The relevance of this study is determined by the problem of providing the population with high-quality and safe dairy products that is becoming increasingly acute in the modern Russian economy. Milk and dairy products are the main food products and have a number of specific features due to the chemical and microbiological composition, which affects the quality and safety of products. The article summarizes the results of a some-year-long research by the authors in the field of formation and development of the milk and dairy products market in the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of the milk and dairy products market in the Russian Federation and identify problems and development trends in the near future. The article details the features of the milk and dairy products supply in the Russian Federation, identifies the reasons for its change, analyzes the price dynamics, and critically considers measures of state support for the dairy industry. The analysis of trends and prospects for the development of the Russian market of milk and dairy products allows us to make the main conclusion that, unlike the markets of a number of other agricultural products, this market segment is one of the most dynamic, profitable and promising, but at the same time as other segments of food. The market cannot develop effectively without state support. The prevention of risks and the solution of emerging problems will require manufacturers, both raw milk and dairy products, to strengthen their work in ensuring high quality products while maintaining price stability.
The article presents methodology of scenario anticipation of perspective development of the region tested on the data of dairy cattle in Ryazan oblast.
Analyzing the scientific literature in the field of methodology for evaluating the efficiency of passenger transport by road, it should be noted that the categories of efficiency in social and economic terms are interpreted ambiguously and require a certain compilation. Cost-effective offers are not necessarily those from the point of view of social efficiency, due to the fact that the desire to maximize the gross profit in the motor transport enterprise (namely, this is the main goal of the functioning of any commercial organization) can contribute to reducing the free time of an individual presenting a solvent demand for transport services, reducing the quality of passenger transport services, etc. It is necessary to take into account that the market for road transport of passengers on the scale of an entire region has many agents with often completely opposite interests. As a result, the methodology for calculating efficiency will differ for each of them. For commercial carriers, efficiency will be calculated as the ratio of financial results (revenue) and costs (cost). Local authorities need to ensure that transport services are physically and financially accessible to all segments of the population, while optimizing budget expenditures. For direct consumers of carriers ' services, the priority is the price and quality level of road transport services. From all the above, it should be noted that the methodology used to assess the overall level of efficiency of passenger road transport in the region should take into account the interests of all subjects of the transport services market. In the process of compiling this methodology, the authors took into account previously presented research in this area, quality calculation standards applied abroad, and passenger surveys. The main purpose of the presented method is to calculate the required social effect of passenger transport in the region, as well as the costs that need to be made to ensure it, and the income that will be received at a given level of service to the city's population. When calculating these indicators, the interests of each participant in the passenger transport market (municipalities, owners of private transport companies, and passengers) should be taken into account. Methodology. In the process of implementation of this work, such generally accepted methods as analysis and synthesis, comparisons and analogies were used. We conducted a survey of participants in the market under study. We extrapolated the data obtained for future periods. Results. Analyzed existing methods of estimation of efficiency of transportations of passengers in social and economic terms, given their weaknesses, the arguments confirming the necessity to consider new methods that would allow to fully assess the social and economic efficiency of road passenger transport. Job prospects. The analysis shows that there is an urgent need to develop methodological support in the field of quality assessment and improving the efficiency of passenger transport management. In the ...
The current situation at the market for food and agricultural raw materials is difficult, and critical for some industries. The processes of import substitution, that is, shaking-out imported products from the markets and the growth of domestic production, have significant differences for segments of the food market. There was a significant differentiation of food markets in the following main indicators: the growth rate of domestic production, the share of imports in resources, the share of exports in production, and the amount of state support. However, 2020 showed that the course taken by the Government and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation for import substitution was not fully implemented, and a large share of products is imported from third countries that were not included in the sanctions list. Economic and mathematical modeling can partially solve this problem. Analysis of scientific literature on modeling the equilibrium at agri-food markets showed the absence of any actual domestic development. The most famous foreign conceptual models dated back to 1990-2000. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank have developed such general and private equilibrium models as RUNS (Rural-Urban North South), MRT (Regional Trade MRT, Harrison), AGLINK COSIMO, etc. These recursive-dynamic models make it possible to determine the equilibrium parameters for the main types of products for almost all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation and all agricultural markets. However, the introduction of sanctions has stopped work in this direction.
The article describes an original approach to modelling the food market with the use of the developed by Russian scientists AnyLogic software. The authors propose a model of system dynamics simulating the behavior of the meat and meat products market in the time period from 2000 to 2019. The acquired results include balance consumer prices for the three basic products: poultry, beef, and pork. The calculation of the midterm forecast of consumer prices in these markets confirms the reliability of the simulation model. The original model illustrates the historic dynamics of the market situation. The research shows that food markets are highly variable in such characteristics as the level of protection from import, the amount of state support, the level of competition, and the entry and exit barriers. As a result, the retrospective survey reveals a volatile growth rate of production volumes in this segment of the food market (poultry, beef, and pork). Thus, the poultry market is saturated with domestic products that have substituted imported goods. At the same time, the low growth tempo of the cattle meat production has brought to import dependence. The obtained results of the survey may be applied as tools for developing the economic regulation policy in the agro production markets.
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