INTRODUCTIONIn India diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to be a major public health problem, and India is having the highest number of diabetics. 1 DM is a disease with target organs being almost all the parts of body. The changes in the skin are comparable to those occurring in the other internal organs of the body. Many skin disorders show high incidence and severity in DM, the biochemical factors responsible for this are yet to be understood. And according to research, about 30% of diabetic patients will eventually develop cutaneous manifestations during the natural course of this chronic disease. The skin is a temporary reservoir for excess blood glucose which accounts for tendency to develop pruritus and both bacterial and fungal infections. As it is known skin is the largest organ of the body, which is affected by both acute metabolic and the chronic derangements that occur in diabetes. 3Multiple factors have a role in the skin manifestations of DM. According to a study, abnormalities in carbohydrates metabolism, vascular involvement leading ABSTRACT Background: Poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with several disorders and microvascular, macrovascular and neuropathic complications. Multiple factors play a role in the manifestations of cutaneous signs of DM. The prevalence of a cutaneous disorder appears to be similar between Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM patients, but Type 2 DM patients develop more frequent cutaneous infections, and Type 1 DM patients manifest more autoimmune-type cutaneous lesions. The objective of the study was to assess the various cutaneous manifestations of Type 2 DM and the relation of cutaneous manifestations with the duration of Type 2 DM. Methods: All patients of Type 2 DM, of age group 20 and above, of both sexes, attending OPD or IPD at Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital, Kolhapur willing to give written informed consent, were included for the study between August 2014 -July 2016. Complete history and examination of all the patients with regards to onset of cutaneous manifestations was taken. Results: Majority (49%) of respondents were in the age group of 41 to 60 years, and majority (66%) were males. 57.5% were new cases and 42.5% were known cases. Duration of illness-majority 50.58% were <5 years, 27.05% in 6 to 10 years. In present study there were 61% who had infectious skin manifestations and 39% who had noninfectious skin manifestations. Out of infectious manifestations 39.5% had fungal infection. Conclusions: Therefore on the basis of present study, we conclude that the skin is involved in DM quite often. The manifestations are numerous and varied and many a times they can serve as diagnostic marker for underlying DM. Whenever patients present with multiple skin manifestations, their diabetic status should be checked. The recognition of these skin findings is the key to treatment and prevention.
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