Sequencing.Rumex acetosa L. (sorrel) belongs to family Polygonaceae. It is an indigenous English plant, common, too in the greater part of Europe, in almost all soils and situations. The medicinal action of sorrel is refrigerant and diuretic, febrile disorders and in scurvy. In India it is cultivated as a medicinal and vegetable throughout the year. Both the root and the seed were formerly esteemed for their astringent properties, and were employed to stem haemorrhage [1]. During October 2009 to January 2011 an extensive surveys was conducted in sorrel growing areas of Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India where diseased plants were found with yellow discoloration of the vascular tissue in stems, wilting of the lower leaves & root rot (Figure1). Roots from wilted plants were collected and cut into small pieces (2mm) and then surface sterilized with mercuric chloride (1% HgCl 2 ) for 1 min. The pieces were then washed with sterilized distilled water three times, blotted dry and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 27±2 o C in BOD incubator. On PDA medium, Fusarium species with catenate microconidia and macroconidia borne on polyphialides was consistently isolated from the infected roots. Pathogenicity tests were conducted, using six healthy sorrel plants grown in the glasshouse. Two plants and a control were used for each of two replications. For each treated plants were sprayed with 5 ml conidia suspension (ca.1×10 5 conidia/ml) in sterilized water (SDW) and maintained in a humid growth chamber for 24 h in room temperature. Five days after inoculation, white mycelial roots were infected and in control remained symptomless. The fungus was reisolated & was identical as Fusarium species. The fungal culture is deposited at CODON Life Sciences, Goa and Research laboratory, Department of Botany Arts, Science & Commerce College Naldurg Dist Osmanbad, Maharashtra State, India with Accession No.HQ332533.Thirty isolates were identified as Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg [2,3].Cultural colonies were started from single conidium and grown on PDA at 27±2 o C under fluorescent lights providing 12 hrs light period. The abundant aerial mycelium initially was white and later became purple violet. Colonies were fast growing, hyphae were septate and hyaline. Conidiophores were short, simple and branched. Microconidia were abundant and produced on mono and polyphialids, single celled, oval to club shaped size 7.0-22.5×3.5µm. Macroconidia were slightly sickle shaped to straight, with 2-5 septa and measured 43-65×3.3-5.0µm. Chlamydospores were absent (Figure 1).
Butea monosperma (Lamk) belongs to family Fabaceae. It is also known as "flame of the forest". It is small to medium sized tree of tropical and subtropical climate found throughout the drier part of India. The plant parts are used in astringent, anti-inflammatory, anodyne, carcinomia, menorrhagia and aphrodisiae [1]. Insect pests attack different parts of the tree. Several defoliators belonging to the families Arctiidae, Eucosmidae, Lasiocampidae, Lymantridae, Noctuidae, Pleridae and Sphingidae have been recorded [2]. Black leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas buteae, leaf spot caused by Bipolaris sp, Phomopsis buteae and Pseudodiploidia buteae has also been recorded [3]. Leaf roll as a Phytoplasma was observed as an important disease. Plant of B. monosperma growing at several places in an around of xeric habitat of Naldurg, Dist. Osmanabad were found suffering with leaf roll disease during throughout year (Sept 2010 to August 2011). The symptoms of the Phytoplasma is leaf roll, the plants affected with leaf roll suffer a greatly reduced growth and so become stunted or dwarfed. Leaflets are rolled upwards and inwards while the leaves are often bend downwards (hyponasty). Leaves are thicker than normal and leathery texture.
There was variation in the MIC of carbendazim among the Geotrichumcandidus incitant of fruit rot of Ivy gourd (Cucurbitaceae) fruits and isolate on (CZA) CzapekDox agar medium plates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on CZA plates ranged from 4000 µg/ml while it was more resistant with resistant factor 2. Use of carbendazim with–other agrochemicals like Fungicides (mancozeb, copper oxychloride, chlorothalonil), Insecticides (phorate, chlorpyriphos and endosulfan), Herbicides (metribuzin, sodium salt and atrazine), Antibiotics (bacipen, ambistryn–s and penicillin), Salts (mercuric, chloride, stannous chloride and barium chloride), and Fertilizers (MOP, urea, 10:26:26) inhibited the growth of the pathogen in invitro studies.
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