Oxidative stress is involved in diverse biological phenomenon, and is caused by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense system. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most critical biomarker in the estimation of ROS-induced DNA damage. This investigation focuses on the effect of fibrin glue on lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzymes and oxidative DNA damage (both in vitro and in vivo). The blood biochemical parameters of the implanted animals and in vitro chromosomal aberrations were also studied. Fibrin glue was applied on the calvarial defect made on the anesthetized rats for an observation period of 4, 12, 26 and 52 weeks. At the end of the observation period, animals were anesthetized; blood was collected for serum analysis and was sacrificed. Brain was collected for the detection of 8-OHdG using competitive ELISA and liver was collected for analyzing the antioxidant enzymes and LPO. The results of this study suggest that the effect of fibrin glue on rat brain (in vivo and in vitro) and mice liver (in vitro) did not make any significant influence on LPO and antioxidant defense system. Similarly, there was no change observed in the expression of 8-OHdG. Serum constituents of implanted rats were observed to be within the normal range. The normal karyotype obtained indicates that the physiological saline extract of fibrin glue does not induce any chromosomal anomalies. Hence, it was concluded that the fibrin glue material does not have any potential to produce oxidative stress, alterations in the C-8 position of guanine and chromosomal anomalies.
The LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) is a focal adhesion protein. Its expression is increased in many malignant tumors. However, little is known about the physiological role of the protein. In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of LASP1 in normal skin, melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma. In normal skin, a distinct LASP1 expression is visible only in the basal epidermal layer while in nevi LASP1 protein is detected in all melanocytes. Melanoma exhibit no increase in LASP1 mRNA compared to normal skin. In melanocytes, the protein is bound to dynamin and mainly localized at late melanosomes along the edges and at the tips of the cell. Knockdown of LASP1 results in increased melanin concentration in the cells. Collectively, we identified LASP1 as a hitherto unknown protein in melanocytes and as novel partner of dynamin in the physiological process of membrane constriction and melanosome vesicle release.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of HAP-EVA, fibrin glue, HA-BG, Latex and Dental material on oxidative stress related mtDNA damage by in vitro and in vivo methods. In vivo studies of these biomaterials were carried out by implanting biomaterials (five materials) on animals for period of 1, 4, 12, 26 and 52 weeks. At the end of observations, animals were anesthetized, sacrificed and tissues surrounding the implanted materials were collected. Brain, bone and muscles were used for the extraction of mtDNA. Similarly mtDNA was extracted from the homogenate of fresh brain, bone and muscles on exposure to the physiological saline extract of all the above five biomaterials (In vitro). The extracted mtDNA were subjected to analyse the presence of 8-OHdG. The results of study indicated that there was no significant increase in the level of 8-OHdG and thereby does not influence on the GC-TA transversions.
In vivo genetic toxicology tests measure direct DNA damage or the formation of gene or chromosomal mutations, and are used to predict mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of compounds for regulatory purposes. These adverse genotoxic effects may be manifested in the form of gene mutations, structural chromosomal aberrations (CA), recombination, and numerical changes. The present investigation was carried to assess genotoxic effects of five different implantable biomaterials developed in different laborataries of Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology. All biomaterials were developed for clinical applications. CA and micronuclei (MN) studies are biomarkers of genotoxicity testing. Leachants from the extract of biomaterials are capable of inducing structural and numerical chromosomal changes. The studies were conducted in Swiss albino mice with the physiological saline extract of materials together with cyclophosphamide and physiological saline as positive and negative controls. Animals were administered intraperitoneally (ip) with a single injection of test, positive (cyclophosphamide), and negative (physiological saline) control and sacrificed after 24 or 48 h. Bone marrow cells were collected for CA and MN assays. Data showed that all five biomaterials did not significantly exert genotoxic effects. Hence, the study indicates that these biomaterials do not induce any chromosomal anomalies.
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