The development of the great cities in Romania, especially of the capital, Bucharest, and the dramatic rise in the number of cars, most of them purchased from Western Europe, has, over a long period of usage contributed to the pollution of these cities and resulted in horrific urban traffic, particularly during the morning and evening rush hours.To provide alternative transportation in Bucharest and the surrounding areas, RATB uses 300 km of tram lines with a park of 500 tram wagons, 18 trolley lines with a 485 km network and a park of 300 trolleys, the bus transport system with a 2900 km network and a park of 1300 buses, 3 Light Rail -LR lines and 4 subway lines. During rush hours, the tram and trolley lines are most of the time obstructed by cars, so the average transport speed is 6-9 km/h for trolleys and 8-10 km/h for trams.The traffic travel time for cars is around 220,000 vehicles/hour, 18,000 vehicles/hour for cabs and 854,000 passengers/hour for urban transportation with electrical vehicles and buses.The impact on the environment can be measured in noise levels which for 2007 were estimated at 62.8 dB and polluting car emission level: 2 t NO X , 10 t CO, 1.2 t unburned hydrocarbon / particles, 357 t SO 2 , 1113 t CO 2 . This paper will examine the decision factors and the planning concerns to provide a more efficient urban transport in Bucharest and other great cities in Romania, especially with electrical vehicles. To this end the paper proposes a methodology to optimize the selection mode and the track design for Light Rail -LR, using existing tram lines with the necessary additions, the construction of new subway lines for the busy areas and the continuous development of the tram and trolley urban transportation.
In the European Recommendation COM (2007) 551 final, we find that, in the European Union, over 60% of the population lives in urban areas. Urban areas now constitute the living environment of the majority of the population and increased traffic in town and city centers has resulted in chronic congestion. Every year nearly 100 billion Euros, or 1% of the EU's GDP, are lost to the European economy as a result of this phenomenon.The analysis of the means of transport presented here will show which electrical vehicle is the solution for non-polluting transport according to each specific need.ICPE SAERP, together with RAT Bucharest, has modernized classic tramcars, equipping them with three-phase inverters and asynchronous motors and a partially lowered floor. By 2011, 18 tramcars will be modernized.ICPE SAERP, together with ASTRA BUS Arad, produce and deliver in Bucharest new trolleybuses with lowered floors, equipped with three-phase inverters, with asynchronous motors and with converters for the auxiliary services and for the air conditioning system. Also the trolleybus has a protection device against high voltage present on the body of the vehicle, which is controlled by means of a DSP processor in the master controller.The methodology used in our research is presented in this paper and the results that led us to the conclusions that the type of public transportation proposed is cleaner, more reliable, more efficient and more comfortable than others.
The company ICPE SAERP S.A. is the main producer of the electric drives for urban traction and for railway vehicles in Romania. The products of our company are subject to the last 57 years of permanent evolution, based on the development of the semiconductor and of the microprocessor control techniques. The improvement of the passenger's comfort and the downsizing of the exploitation costs are a must for public transportation companies, relating to trolleybuses and trams. Both can be achieved by using modern electric drives (dc-choppers or 3-phase inverters), which can reduce the power consumption and can increase the control of the vehicle. The main products for electric traction are the drives for traction motors of the vehicles (as DC-choppers for DC series motors and 3-phase inverters for asynchronous or synchronous motors) and converters for auxiliary services of the vehicles (battery chargers and 3-phase inverters for auxiliary asynchronous motors). This paper represents a review of those applications and their benefits.
The development of the great cities in Romania, especially of the capital, Bucharest, and the exaggerated increase of the number of cars, mostly used cars from Western Europe, have contributed to the pollution of these cities and resulted in a horrific urban traffic, particularly during the morning and evening rush hours. This paper will examine the decision factors and the planning concerns to provide better conditions for urban transport in Bucharest and in the other great cities in Romania, especially with regard to urban electrical vehicles. Although the fleet of urban transport vehicles is based on electrical vehicles, because of the traffic jam during rush hours, satisfaction of passengers is low, with the exception of the light-rail and metro passengers. This makes more people use their personal car when they go to work or shopping (even single occupancy), resulting in terrible traffic. This was the reason light-rail transportation was developed in Bucharest and in major cities of Romania. In order to encourage the usage of the urban transportation means, especially electrical ones, we have proposed some measures to improve the comfort provided by the urban public transport vehicles. The company ICPE SAERP Bucharest, specialized in the production of electrical traction drives and auxiliary converters, is developing and continuously improving the equipment and services concerning auxiliary services equipment, converters for air conditioning systems, access to traffic information, transport quality, unified fares for surface transportation (trams, trolleybuses and buses) and underground transportation, easy access vehicles, safety, security and cleanliness.
The development of on-board electronics of vehicles is related to the evolution of microcontrollers and microprocessor, both in hardware and software issues. Traction equipment has been based on such electronic controllers for decades, but most of the systems are paralleled and have fewer interconnections. The specialists of ICPE SAERP have accomplished the interconnection task on our latest products designed to be operated on trolley buses, trams, light metros or EMU. This working paper presents the interconnection of traction equipment mounted on the Irisbus body and the same communication protocol applied for trams, thus allowing the vehicle to have full on-line diagnosis within the intelligent and advanced transport systems.
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