Background: Inflammatory lesions of the esophagus are major concerns to patients who visit our Medical Out Patient Department (OPD) on a regular basis. Endoscopic examination, with histopathological confirmation is the diagnostic modality employed in many centers. Endoscopic appearance is characteristic, and so are histomorphological findings. In our study we have analyzed the clinical, endoscopic and histomorphological findings of various types of esophagitis. This will help us to arrive at a correct diagnosis to initiate appropriate therapy.Methods: We included 141 cases of esophagitis reported in Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research from January 2016 to December 2020 in our study, mostly the ones which came as biopsy samples in histopathology section. Slides were reviewed, various histological features, clinical and endoscopic findings were correlated. Microsoft excel was used for the calculation of results.Results: Reflux esophagitis was most commonly seen in male patients (64%), between 40-60 years (35%) of age with presenting complaints of heart burn and clinical diagnosis of reflux esophagitis. Classic histological feature for the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis was epithelial hyperplasia noted in 89% male and 86% female patients, followed by increased basal cell thickness noted in 66% male and 55% female patients.Conclusions: Accurate diagnosis of reflux esophagitis is mainly based on histomorphological features. Capillaries in epithelium and basal cell hyperplasia along with history and endoscopic appearance to be considered for the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis.
Biomedical waste (BMW) is generated in every health facility, which if not disposed off properly poses a risk for health and environment. Handling, segregation, mutilation, disinfection, storage, transportation and final disposal are vital steps for safe and scientific management of biomedical waste in any establishment. The objective was to assess the biomedical waste management (BMWM) practices and knowledge regarding BMWM in a tertiary care hospital. A hospital based cross-sectional study was done from 20 September to 20 October 2018 in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekaram, Kanya Kumari district, Tami Nadu. A total of hundred questionnaires containing 20 questions based on knowledge and practises on biomedical waste management were given to doctors, nurses and technicians. Out of 100 questionnaires given 82 were returned back. The results showed that there was a good level of knowledge and awareness of biomedical waste definition, vital steps in the management of biomedical waste and generation hazards among health care personal. It can be concluded from the present study that there is quite a good levels of knowledge and awareness about BM waste generation hazards, legislation and management among health care personnel in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Science, Kulasekharam Kanyakumari district. However regular monitoring and training are required at all levels to improve the knowledge and practises regarding biomedical waste.
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