No abstract

Acute effects of music and relaxation have not been evaluated in hospitalized subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to evaluate the acute effects of music and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) in hospitalized COPD subjects after a recent episode of exacerbation. A Randomized controlled study was performed of pre-test post-test design after recruiting 82 COPD subjects from K.M.C hospitals. All patients were admitted for acute exacerbation and were medically stabilized. After being screened for the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 72 subjects were selected for the study. Demographic and baseline data was taken on the day subjects were screened. Music group listened to a self selected music of 60-80 beats per minute for 30 minutes. PMR group practiced relaxation through a pre-recorded audio of instructions of 16 muscle groups. Outcome variables were Spielberger's state anxiety inventory (SSAI), Spielberger's trait anxiety inventory (STAI), dyspnea, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR) and respiratory rate (RR). There was statistically significant main effect across the sessions for state anxiety (F = 62.621, p = 0.000), trait anxiety (F = 19.528, p = 0.000), dyspnea (F = 122.227, p = 0.000), SBP (F = 63.885, p = 0.000), PR (F = 115.780, p = 0.000) and RR (F = 202.977, p = 0.000). There was statistically significant interaction effect between the two groups for state anxiety (F = 6.024, p = 0.003), trait anxiety (F = 8.222, p = 0.000), dyspnea (F = 10.659, p = 0.000), SBP (F = 12.889, p = 0.000), PR (F = 4.746, p = 0.008) and RR (F = 12.078, p = 0.000). There were greater changes observed after the second session in both groups however, change in DBP was not significant in either group. Music and PMR are effective in reducing anxiety and dyspnoea along with physiologic measures such as SBP, PR and RR in two sessions in COPD patients hospitalized with exacerbation. However, reductions in the music group were greater compared to the PMR group.

No abstract

Objective:To assess the performance of mannitol as a luminal contrast as compared to water and positive contrast in evaluation of bowel on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).Materials and Methods:Three hundred patients were randomly selected for this study and were divided equally into three groups. Each subject received 1500 ml of oral contrast. Group 1 received 3% mannitol in water, group 2 received diluted iodinated positive contrast, and group 3 received plain water without additives. Qualitative and quantitative analysis for distension, fold visibility, and overall image quality were analyzed by actual diameter measurement and point scale system at different bowel levels. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's HSD Post-hoc test and Pearson's Chi-square (exact test) test were applied.Results:Group 1 showed better results for small bowel distension, intraluminal homogeneity, and visibility of mucosal folds on quantitative and qualitative analysis with statistically significant P value (P<0.001). The ileo-caecal junction distension and mural feature visibility was better with mannitol (P < 0.001). No significant difference in distension of stomach and duodenum was found between the three groups.Conclusion:Mannitol as endoluminal contrast increases the diagnostic accuracy of the investigative studies in comparison to water and iodine-based contrast by producing significantly better bowel distension and visibility of mural features with improved image quality without additional adverse effects.