Tumor cells have an altered amino acid metabolism. They express high levels of tryptophan and L-arginine metabolizing enzymes. This leads to depletion of tryptophan and L-arginine and locally blocks T cell proliferation. Therefore, the characteristic energy metabolism of tumor cells leads to immune suppression and contributes to immune escape processes at the tumor site [1]. Excess dietary Tryptophan has shown to cause increased tumor incidence in tumorous strains of Drosophila [2]. Canton (wild type) flies were exposed to 10mM, 20mM, 30mM, 40mM and 50mM concentrations of Tryptophan. Phenotypic analysis of the exposed flies and qualitative analysis of the isolated DNA was done 24 hours and 48 hours after exposure to Tryptophan. The quality of the DNA was evaluated using Nanodrop and the DNA was subjected to Fragmentation assay to study the damage induced. Phenotypic changes observed were elongated abdomen with distinct curling and discoloration of thorax to mild orange. The isolated DNA was found to be of good quality and the fragmentation assay showed patterns of shearing. As the damage observed was not significant and the tumor induction was not observed in the experimental concentrations, tryptophan was considered non tumorigenic at the above said concentrations. However, higher concentrations of Tryptophan may induce tumor.
Abstract-Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound which finds a range of applications in many industries. Benzyl derivatives are food additives, used for increasing the taste of food and beverages. It is therefore important to evaluate its genotoxicity and assign the threshold concentration that is permissible for inclusion in edible items. The present study investigated the genotoxic effect of benzaldehyde on Drosophila melanogaster. Two day-old adult males and 3 rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to varying concentrations of the chemical by allowing them to feed on media, containing benzaldehyde. The treated series were compared to the control group (media mixed with distilled water). Our results demonstrated that benzaldehyde induced genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Benzaldehyde caused increased incidence of mutated phenotypes including orange discoloration of thorax and abdomen that was carried over to the F1 generation. The flies lost their viability at higher concentrations of the drug. To assess the phenotypic mutations at the molecular level, protein profiles of the extracts obtained from 3 rd instar larvae from control and drug exposed were compared by SDS PAGE. The protein profiling results demonstrated changes in several major proteins. The Wing Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) was used to assess the degree of genotoxicity, by evaluating mitotic recombination and mutations. Trans-heterozygous larvae obtained from the crossing of multiple wing hair and flare(mwh/flr3) were subjected to various concentrations of benzaldehyde. Wing analysis showed single spots that represent mutated flr3 clone and twin spots for mutated mwh clone.
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