The purpose of research. To establish agrotechnical efficiency of technical-technological solution of Claydon seeder at sowing of industrial crops on the basis of analysis of experimental data of quality of sowing of sunflower by a tape spreading way, to define quality of sowing on a condition of crops in critical phases of growth and development of plants. Research methods. Engineering analysis of the structure. Observation and determination of biometric indicators of plants in crops based on cluster analysis of plant development. Results and conclusions. When sowing sunflowers with a Claydon seeder, compared to the control, more acceptable conditions for the development of each plant are created - the feeding area and its shape are optimized, competition and mutual shading of the leaf surface are reduced on the basis of a 56% improved aspect ratio, competition and mutual shading of the leaf surface are reduced, the competitive influence of neighboring plants is delayed for 5-7 days, the weighted average weight of the basket increases by the time of harvest increases by 10-20 %, more than doubles the preservation of plants up to the harvest period, which creates potential conditions for higher yields. Claydon seeder can be used as an alternative to precision seeders when sowing sunflowers, which, given its traditional use - sowing seeds of cereals and other crops - can significantly reduce the cost of economic entities for technical re-equipment, accelerate the pace of renewal of machine-tractor fleet the economy with modern, highly productive equipment and introduce energy-saving, innovative technologies of crop production. Keywords. Seeders, sowing methods, sowing quality, plants, biometric indicators, biological yield, machine-tractor fleet, technical re-equipment.
Abstract. The purpose of the research is to analyze the design features and parameters of grinding knives to compare the intensity of loss of cutting ability of each of the models of knives depending on the load cycles. Methods and materials. Conduct an analytical inspection and instrumental studies of the blades of grinding rollers type KR with different design features. Carry out bench accelerated tests based on the cyclic impact load of the knife fragment due to falling on the simulator of wear cycles and check the residual cutting capacity on the cutting simulator. Justify the coefficient of acceleration of tests as a derivative of hardness and density of the simulator, as well as the ratio of the energy of the fall of the knife fragment on the stand and its rotational motion in the field. Statistical analysis of experimental data was performed by analysis of variance and interpreted by standard computer programs Excel in the form of graphs. Results. Analyzing the proposed method for determining the intensity of loss of cutting ability of the knife when it falls on the simulator of plant debris allowed to rank different models and establish their relative resource. Unhardened models of both 45 and 30MnB5 Steel provide low life and their residual cutting ability is only 15-25% compared to hardened models. Analyzing the research results, the hardened model of a knife made of 45 Steel withstands 4 times more load cycles compared to unhardened models, but is inferior to the hardened model of Steel 30MnB5 (borista), which has the highest resource. Even after 150 load cycles (in terms of the work of a roller with a width of 12.5 m - operating time of more than 1000 ha), it retains more than 55% of the initial cutting ability, which is characterized by low intensity of its loss. Conclusions. According to the tests of the intensity of loss of cutting ability of knives, the most acceptable option for the equipment of roller-shredders is a hardened model made of 30MnB5 Steel (borista), which has the highest resource.
Summary The purpose of this article is research of the level of development and features of agricultural robots offered by global manufacturers and directions of robotics and their technological use in field crop rotations;the structuring and assessment of the prospects for the use of robotic agricultural autonomous means (robots) in field crop rotation. Methods: сase-studies of robotic agricultural autonomous means (robots) that are proposed for the use of mechanized processes in field crop rotations; structuring of technical solutions of robots according to their technological features and energy sources; analysis of navigation algorithms, sensor systems, artificial intelligence and other important components that are characteristic of field robots; identification of key developers/manufacturers of field robots, features of their proposed directions of robotics and technological use in field crop rotations; assessing the prospects for the application of field robots and the technological benefits of their application and taking into account the challenges such as legal aspects, safety and acceptance of the technology by farmers. Results. The conducted factor analyzes of the structural elements of field robots show that both traditional tractors and special chassis are used to transform energy into traction and drive capacity, and different levels of sensor and software are achieved. This made it possible to assess the autonomy levels of field robots and predict the scope of application depending on the power. The tractor, retrofitted with sensors and appropriate programs, provides semi-autonomous performance of basic operations in a unit with traditional agricultural machines in field crop rotations, but the presence of a person is still mandatory. Conclusions. New directions for the development of field robots use convergent technologies and are based on the deep modernization of tractors and the use of specially designed chassis with their own transmissions (concepts), the use of new energy sources and a significantly higher level of autonomy and remote control of work modes. Concepts are created as single designs and are oriented towards the performance of separate operations in a unit with agricultural machines, or with special attachments for working bodies and even in single-row execution. As a rule, they have an electric transmission, but not high power, which narrows the scope of their application. Keywords: robotic agricultural tools, field robots, autonomous tractors, electric tractors, agricultural robots, control systems of agricultural tools, mobile autonomous tools.
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