The paper describes in vitro model for evaluation of natural mineral
adsorbents ability to adsorb mycotoxins. Bentonite, diatomite and zeolite
were prepared in the Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral
Raw Materials, Belgrade. A total of six mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 (AFL),
ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON),
diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin were tested in vitro. For adsorption
experiments crude extracts of mycotoxins, produced in the Department of
Microbiology of Bio-ecological Center in Zrenjanin, were used. The ability
for binding mycotoxins was evaluated in the electrolyte 0.1 M K2HPO4 which pH
value was adjusted to 3.0 and 6.9, respectively. Mass ratio of individual
mycotoxin and natural mineral adsorbent was 1:5000. The experimental mixtures
were incubated for 1 hour on a rotary shaker (185 rpm) at room temperature
(22-25oC). After incubation the extractions of unadsorbed mycotoxins from the
filtrates were performed with organic solvents, and their quantifications
were done by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). By the use of TLC method it was
noted that bentonite, diatomite and zeolite binded more than 95% of
applicated AFL. In the case of OTA only diatomite adsorbed that toxin -
adsorption index was 66.67%. Binding of DON has been observed only at pH 3.0
of electrolyte. Its adsorption index varied from 25.00 to 50.00% depending on
the type of mineral adsorbent. Effect of electrolyte pH value on the binding
of ZON was not so expressed. Its adsorption index ranged from 12.20 to
37.00%. In the case of type A trichothecenes (DAS and T-2 toxin) bentonite,
diatomite, and zeolite binded only T-2 toxin. The amount of adsorbed T-2
toxin ranged from 16.66 to 33.33%. The obtained results point out the need
for activation or processing of natural mineral adsorbens, especially
bentonite and zeolite, in order to increase the efficiency of adsorption of
the wider spectrum of mycotoxins.
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