Three types of Vishnukundin coins belonging to Andhra region were subjected to chemical and microstructural studies. The source of the ores used, the nature of the alloy and the techniques employed have been inferred from the data obtained. Trace elemental data have shown that the. coins were made of unrefined metal which was also confirmed by electron microprobe results.
Oxygen-free high-conductivity copper is a candidate material for future electron/positron storage rings with beam currents in the range of ampere or more. The advantages being high electrical conductivity and good x-ray absorption. However, there are problems of fabrication and lack of extensive data on easy cleaning techniques for complicated shapes. We have over the last year gained considerable experience and understanding of the same. Techniques varying from conventional chemical cleaning, high-pressure hot-water jet cleaning, and vacuum bakeout, to novel methods such as CO2 snow cleaning, and wet bead blasting have been tried. The samples were evaluated for surface cleanliness by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Data along with some analysis and interpretation are being presented.
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