The soils shown on Russian soil maps of the Kuban-Azov Lowland under the names of slitic (ver tic) and compacted soils contain diagnostic features characteristic of the type of dark slitozems and subtypes of slitic soils in the new Russian soil classification system, or Vertisols and Vertic soils in the WRB system. These are slickensides, wedge shaped structure, clayey texture through the entire soil profile, and shrinkage cracks formed during soil drying. It was found that dark quasi gley slitozems (Vertisols) occur in the central parts of the bottoms of large (> 1.5 km along the longest axis) closed depressions. Humus quasi gley slitozems (Vertic Stagnic Phaeozems (Clayic, Pachic)) are confined to the peripheral parts of the bottoms of these depressions and to the bottoms of smaller (0.8-1.5 km) closed depressions. Deeply slitic humus-quasi gley soils and deeply slitic clay illuvial chernozems (Bathyvertic Stagnic Phaeozems (Clayic, Pachic)), in which the upper boundary of slickensides is found at the depths from 100 to 200 cm, usually occur in the bottoms of closed depressions with the longest axis of less than 0.6-0.8 km and in the bottoms and on slopes of shallow flat bot tomed ravines. With respect to the distribution of Vertisols and Vertic soils, the Kuban-Azov Lowland can be subdivided into eight soil districts. In five of them, these soils occupy from 0.1% to 12.1% of the territory.
The climatic, soil, ecological and economic features of the natural landscapes in the Krasnodar Krai were analyzed. The land structure of cultivated land in Western Ciscaucasia was given; the current state of soils in the Krasnodar Krai was analyzed. The changes in the content of humus in the arable layer over the century were considered. The qualitative state of agricultural lands, such as the susceptibility to erosion, the content of humus, and indicators of the nutrients balance in the soil was shown. A conclusion the existing zonal agriculture systems do not use the landscape diversity of the region was drawn. The need for switching to the adaptive landscape system of agriculture was substantiated. Using the GIS technologies, the boundaries of the natural landscapes in the Krasnodar Krai and the areas of agricultural land was determined by types and the degree of the manifestation of erosion processes. An eco-economic assessment of the field crop rotations adapted to the natural landscape by cultivated lands was made.
The paper presents the results of an assessment of agroecological conditions in the soils of the Azov-Kuban lowland due to the development of technogenic degradation. A decrease in the share of initial chernozems due to water erosion (washed soils) in the Novokubansky district and waterlogging (compacted and fused soils) in the Timashevsky district and the city of Krasnodar was revealed. A noticeable increase in density in hydrometamorphized analogues of chernoz.
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