The increasingly stringent demands on the quality of the products of gas-processing plants and reduction of the discharge of deleterious wastes into the environment make it absolutely necessary to improve the technology of gas processing and enhance the effectiveness of the technological equipment. The task of good preparation of natural gas, of stratal water, and of gas condensate in particularly topical at the Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant (AGPP) because the gas supplied to it has a very complex composition, is aggressive and ecologically dangerous. The technical and economic indices of the technological installations including the costs of repairs were therefore analyzed. The results of the analysis were the basis for working out suggestions for the reconstruction of these installations.Installation U171 for the Separation of Stratal Gas. The installation U171 is intended for the separation and scrubbing of gas supplied to the plant from the wells. Each of the four separation lines ensures gas-liquid separation of the untreated gas and compensation of fluctuations of the flow rate caused by pulsating plugs of gas condensate. The installation contains buffer and separation tanks and other equipment. After separation in the buffer tank the gas and liquid (condensate, stratal water) are throttled from 7 to 6.2 MPa and are delivered to the separation tank which acts as three-phase separator operating on the gravitational principle. Practice during the entire period of operation of the plant showed that the installation did not attain the planned regime. Deviations of the productivity from the specified one have a considerable effect on the hydrodynamic flow regime of the biphase mixture in the gas-condensate pipes. Thus the project envisages the speeds of the biphase mixture in the gas-condensate pipes corresponding to the speed of the stream in annularly disperse regime. But when the speed of the stream drops below the minimal level, the regime changes to plug flow which complicates the process of separation. Constant fluctuations of the flow rate bring about failure of the level and flow-rate regulators.Gas after separation contains a large amount of undesirable admixtures which greatly impair the indices of operation of the subsequent equipment, viz., the installations ensuring desulfurization of the gas U172. Condensate often gets into the aqueous phase and passes along the entire technological chain, and water gets into the condensate. Investigations showed that the separation of emulsions can be improved solely by improving the design of separating devices or by adding a demulsifier to the mixture. The costs of repair work on the installation U171 increase practically every year (by a factor of 2.1 in 1991, by a factor of 4.8 in 1995) because of the frequent clogging of filters and failure of control instruments and of the stop and control fittings.Installation U165 for Filtering Water and Incineration of Industrial Wastes. The installation U165 ensures degassing of water upon pressure decrease, filtering o...
As the analysis of the research results has shown, the use of a thermopressor makes it possible to increase the fuel and energy efficiency of a ship power plant in a wide range of the operation parameters. It can be achieved by cooling the charge air before the engine inlet receiver and by reducing the compression work of the turbocharger. A scheme with the thermopressor application in the cooling system of a low-speed main engine and in the system for utilizing the exhaust gases heat in a heat recovery boiler of one and two pressures was proposed. The use of thermopressors led to a decrease in the compressor power consumption, and therefore in the turbine required power. Therefore, it was appropriate to pass (bypass) the excess amount of gas past the turbine. Accordingly, the thermal potential of exhaust gases was increased. As a result, the temperature of gases at the inlet to the heat recovery boiler was increased by 10-15 °C, and gases heat was increased by 10-15% respectively. The obtained additional steam is advisable to use for driving the utilization turbine generator, thereby reducing the load on the ship's power plant, with a corresponding decrease in fuel consumption of diesel generators by 2-4%.
Results of investigations of the hydrodynamics, flow structure, and operating efficiency of various designs of centrifugal separators with an ascending gas flow are presented. Technical data are compared for four models of centrifugal separators most frequently employed in industry, and recommendations are given for selection of optimal design. In many branches of industry, various forms of interaction between gaseous and liquid flows are the basis of production processes: absorption, desorption, evaporation, condensation, fractionation, and the cleaning of dust, liquid aerosols, and harmful gaseous components from gases. Intensification of the processes, which is associated with an increase in flow velocities, will lead to increased loss of liquid due to its being carried away from the active zone and disturbance of production regimes, while removal of liquids from the finishing equipment to the atmosphere will result in loss of expensive products and corrosion of adjacent components and structures.In this connection, the refinement of drop collectors, and the development of principally new designs are urgent problems.Various designs of drop collectors are currently under development and in industrial service; centrifugal drop collectors, which are distinguished by high efficiency, reliability, and simplicity of design, occupy a special place among these collectors [1][2][3][4].As analysis of equations of motion of drops in a centrifugal-force field indicates, operating efficiency of the equipment diminishes, and the ratio of the liquid and gas densities increases with increasing pressure [4,5]. A significant reduction in limiting allowable loads with respect to liquid and gas occurs simultaneously [6,7].It is possible to compensate for these negative effects by increasing the centrifugal forces with an increase in either swirling of the flow (tangential velocity w τ ), or the average velocity of the flow w 0 when w τ = w τ /w 0 = const.The first alternate scheme is implemented by varying the design and geometric characteristics of the swirling device, and the second by creating direct-flow centrifugal elements with one-directional movement of the gas-liquid-film phases. For apparatus with an ascending direct flow of the phases, moreover, the direction of the film flow will vary from descending to ascending, and the trapped liquid is released through an end slot in the upper portion of the separating branch pipe.The first concept was adopted primarily for technical solutions implemented by the company Adsorbent-Tekhnologiya at the Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant [8], and the second primarily for type designs developed by the Central Design Bureau of Petroleum Machinery (CDBPM) for centrifugal separators for the oil and gas industry [2].
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