The wheat cultivar Kariega expresses complete adult plant resistance to stripe rust in South Africa. The aim of this investigation was to determine the extent and nature of variability in stripe rust resistance in a population of 150 doubled haploid lines generated from a cross between Kariega and the susceptible cultivar Avocet S. Analysis of field data for adult plant stripe rust resistance identified two major QTLs and two minor QTLs in the resistant cultivar Kariega. The two major QTLs were located on chromosomes 7D ( QYr.sgi-7D) and 2B ( QYr.sgi-2B.1), contributing 29% and 30% to the phenotypic variance, respectively. QYr.sgi-2B.1 is primarily associated with a chlorotic and/or necrotic response, unlike QYr.sgi-7D, which is believed to be the adult plant resistance gene Yr18. These two QTLs for adult plant resistance in Kariega appear to represent different forms of resistance, where QYr.sgi-7D may represent potentially more durable resistance than QYr.sgi-2B.1. Mixture model analysis of the field leaf infection scores suggested a genetic model involving two independent genes combining in a classical, epistatic manner. The results of the QTL analysis demonstrate its higher resolution power compared to the mixture model analysis by detecting the presence of minor QTLs.
The wine industry in South Africa is over three centuries old and over the last decade has reemerged as a significant competitor in world wine markets. The Institute for Wine Biotechnology (IWBT) was established in partnership with the Department of Viticulture and Oenology at Stellenbosch University to foster basic fundamental research in the wine sciences leading to applications in the broader wine and grapevine industries. This review focuses on the different research programmes of the Institute (grapevine, yeast and bacteria biotechnology programmes, and chemical-analytical research), commercialisation activities (SunBio) and new initiatives to integrate the various research disciplines. An important focus of future research is the Wine Science Research Niche Area programme, which connects the different research thrusts of the IWBT and of several research partners in viticulture, oenology, food science and chemistry. This 'Functional Wine-omics' programme uses a systems biology approach to wine-related organisms. The data generated within the programme will be integrated with other data sets from viticulture, oenology, analytical chemistry and the sensory sciences through chemometrics and other statistical tools. The aim of the programme is to model aspects of the wine making process, from the vineyard to the finished product.
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