The aim of this work is to review current publications on the non-antibacterial effects of macrolides. Macrolides are among the most widely prescribed broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, especially in patients with respiratory infections. It is now recognized that drugs of this group, in particular azithromycin, also have an immunomodulatory effect, which leads to their therapeutic effect not only in infectious but in other chronic inflammatory diseases also. However, the frequent and prolonged use of macrolides in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases, and recently azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19, has led to an increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics of this group. Results: it was shown that one of the key aspects of the development of chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract (for instance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is the loss of the protective epithelial barrier due to the effects of pathogens and pollutants. Azithromycin has been shown to enhance the barrier properties of airway epithelial cells over time, which makes an important contribution to its therapeutic effectiveness. The main non-antibacterial effects of macrolides are considered, which in the future can be applied in treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with airway epithelium damage.
The aim of this research is to systematize scientific data on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of macrolides. Macrolides are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a wide range of both topical and systemic infectious diseases. Despite the fact that macrolide use is generally considered to be safe, in a number of patients it can be associated with dose-dependent adverse drug reactions (ADRs), reducing the safety of therapy in these patients. Knowledge of the peculiarities of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of macrolides is necessary to assess the effect of genetically determined activity of cytochrome isoenzymes of the P450 system on plasma concentration, efficacy and safety of antibiotics from this group. This will make it possible to develop approaches to personalizing the selection of an effective and safe dose of macrolides based on the clinical and biological parameters of the patient. Results: it was found that genotypic variability affects both the transport of macrolides and their metabolism. It has been shown that polymorphism of a number of candidate genes can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of macrolides, which may explain the differences in the efficacy and safety of therapy in different patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.