When uranium (U) is added to Y123 powders, after texturing the deposits containing U are found to be ∼300 nm. These deposits act as pinning centres, and increase J c by 90% per 0.8 wt% U. Neutron irradiation further increases J c . Total increases of J c by factors of e.g. ∼30 (at 77 K, 0.25 Tesla), and ∼15 (at 50 K, 10 Tesla) result. Magnitudes of J c are ∼290 000 A cm −2 (at 77 K, 0.25 T) and 10 6 A cm −2 (at 50 K, 0.25 T). The U/n process is not yet optimized. Chemistry, microstructure, radiation effects and cost are discussed.
We compute the one loop Casimir energy of an interacting scalar field in a compact non-commutative space of R 1,d × T 2 θ , where we have ordinary flat (1 + d)-dimensional Minkowski space and two-dimensional non-commuative torus. We find that next order correction due to the noncommutativity still contributes an attractive force and thus will have a quantum instability. However, vector field with periodic boundary condition gives repulsive force for d > 5 and we get a stabilized radius. This suggests a stabilization mechanism for a senario in Kaluza-Klein theory, where some of the extra dimensions are non commutative.1 This infinity can of course be removed by proper-dimensional regularization.
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