The interest in the metal-containing polymeric nanocomposites is caused by a unique combination of properties of metals nanoparticles, their oxides and chalcogenides, and by mechanical, film-forming and other characteristics of polymers with opportunities for their use as magnetic materials for record and storage of information, as catalysts and sensors, in medicine and biology [1]. Homo-and copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acids and their salts are widely used for the stabilization of metal-containing dispersions. 4 , atomic ratio Zn=Cd D 3:3 W 1) [7]. Such examples are very numerous. On the one hand, carboxylated compounds of a monomeric and polymeric structure can be molecular precursors of nanocomposite materials. On the other hand, carboxyl groups of macroligands are efficient stabilizers of nanoparticles; these functions are frequently developed together in one system. Amphiphilic character of carboxylated polymers and copolymers allows not only to encapsulate nanoparticles of metals or to combine them with polymeric and inorganic matrixes or biological objects, but also allows to give such properties as solubility in various mediums, ability to self-organization, etc., to nanoparticles.
Formation and Stabilization of Nanoparticles at Presence of Macroligands with Carboxyl Functional GroupsAggregative stability of particles in a polymeric matrix is defined by the processes of steric stabilization, flocculation, phase division, electrostatic interactions, etc. It was shown by AFM researches [8], that Van der Waals attraction forces act between two uncovered polymer surfaces of the yttrium-stabilized zirconyl (YSZ) nanoparticles at distance up to 200 nm, causing their aggregation. At the same time, the presence of an adsorbed layer of ammonium polyacrylate or polymethacrylate on the surface A.D. Pomogailo et al
This investigation was devoted to the study of a natural phenomenon-low friction in living joints-and development of synthetic lubricants. The experiments conducted allowed us to establish that the known property of synovia to ensure the high antifrictional ability of joint cartilages is provided by the realization of a liquid-crystalline state of the lubricant in the friction zone that was unknown before. An idea was advanced that molecules of liquid-crystalline cholesterol compounds found in synovia are arranged with their longer axis aligned with prevailing microgroove locomotions on cartilage surfaces to make a liquid-crystalline nematic phase, thus reducing energy dissipation during relative motion of contacting cartilages and leading to the medicative effect revealed by experimentation.
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