Quantum dots (QDs) are nanosized semiconductor crystals. They are currently applied in different science fields such as medicine, namely, cancer diagnostics and treatment. QD toxicity is caused by the toxicity of their components. In vivo application of QDs requires their toxicity assessment, so the purpose of this work has been the estimation of acute and chronic toxicity of the QDs at Danio rerio embryos and larvae, QDs being composed of CdSe/CdS/ZnS/S,S-dihydrolipoic acid/polyacrylic acid. We have found no QD acute toxicity during 48 hours of QDs action at the embryo up to the concentration of 185 µM Cd. QDs have been found to be toxic only at 5-7 days of action, it shows that QDs act accumulatively. Beside lethality, we have observed different larval development defects, that is, differently localized edemas, lag of development, tail curvature, and swimming bladder malformation. Our experimental data as well as literature data show that toxicity of the quantum dots at Danio rerio embryos and larvae is primarily caused by toxic action of Cd 2+ ion which arises from partial dissociation of CdSe and CdS molecules.
Using one dimensional proteomic mapping (combination of one dimensional gel electrophore sis (1DE) with subsequent mass spectrometry MALDI TOF PMF) the protein profile of Danio rerio embryos has been investigated. The fish species Danio rerio is the most effective alternative model of verte brates used for studies of drug toxicity (e.g. doxorubicin) due to its high degree of homology with human genome. The proteomic profiling resulted in identification of 84 proteins, including 15 vitellogenins. Using the procedure of preparation of homogenates of Danio rerio embryos optimized by ultrasonic treatment pro moting removal of yolk basic proteins (vitellogenin) we have registered changes in the proteome profile of D. rerio embryos induced by doxorubicin (DOX). Growth D. rerio embryos in the medium with DOX caused the decrease in the number of vitellogenins, disappearance of cardiac troponins, and induction of caspase 3. All these observations are consistent with the literature data on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. The pro posed method of 1D proteomic mapping may be used not only for protein identification but also for registra tion of changes in embryonic proteomic profile caused by drugs or any toxic compound for studying the mechanisms underlying induced toxicity.
Проведено исследование токсичности наночастиц золота и алмазов на ранних стадиях развития зебрафиш (Danio rerio). Токсического действия нанозолота выявлено не было. В то же время, действие наноалмазов в течение 7 суток вызывало как летальные эффекты (LC 50 =104±18 мг/л), так и отклонения в развитии Ключевые слова: наночастицы, наноалмазы, нанозолото, токсические эффекты, модельные системы, зебрафиш, эмбрионы, личинки Toxicity of gold and diamond nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages has been assessed. No toxic action of nanogold has been found. At the same time, nanodiamonds caused lethal effects (LC 50 is 104±18 mg/L) as well as developmental abnormalities during 7 days
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