An automated spectroradiometer for monitoring levels and doses of biologically active UV radiation has been developed. An original design of a double grating zero-dispersion monochromator is proposed. The main characteristics of the design have been tested and it has been shown that as to its parameters the spectroradiometer complies with the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization for network meters of natural UV radiation. The results of monitoring the spectral distribution and daily doses of the solar UV radiation at the Minsk Ozone Station are presented, and the estimated values of their seasonal variations have been determined.
To improve the efficiency of ruminal digestion, researchers have developed a variety of enzyme feed additives. We are also working to find feed additives that improve the nutrition of rumen microflora, that is, prebiotics. For this purpose, we have proposed an animal protein hydrolyzate. The paper presents data reflecting the dynamics of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood serum of calves at the age of 3-4 months when hydrolyzed mink carcasses are included in the diet at doses of 5, 10 and 20 grams per head per day for 30 days. It was shown that after the completion of the experiment in animals treated with hydrolyzate at doses of 10 and 20 grams per head, there was a significant decrease in the content of leukocytes within the reference values and an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes in the leukogram. The change in the biochemical parameters of the groups of experimental bulls was characterized by a dose-dependent statistically significant increase in the concentration of protein, urea and reserve alkalinity. The concentration of total bilirubin, ALT, LDH significantly decreased, AST- increased. The results obtained indicate an increase in the immune reactivity of the animal organism with the use of the feed additive.
This article presents the results of studies on the violation of mineral metabolism in highly productive cows in conditions of intensive milk production. The diet of highly productive cows has an excess of raw and digestible protein, crude fat, Na, Cl, Ca, P, Mg, K, Fe, Cu and a pronounced deficiency of crude fiber, starch, sugar, carotene and zinc. The carbohydrate-protein ratio was 0,64 (norm 1,0–1,2), the Ca : P ratio was 1,39 (norm 1,4–1,5). The imbalance of the diet in protein and carbohydrates caused the development of osteodystrophy in cows with excessive content of Ca and P in the diet and their almost normal ratio. The pathogenesis of mineral metabolism disorders is associated with the accumulation of ketone bodies in the body of animals caused by protein over-feeding. Ketone bodies affect the hormonal system that regulates mineral metabolism.
Various infectious and invasive diseases, as well as individual metabolic disorders caused by poisoning and non-infectious diseases lead to multiple organ pathologies. The pathogenesis of combined lesions in parenchymal organs is due to their anatomical and functional relationship. The aim of the research was to study the nosological forms of non-infectious diseases of liver, kidneys and pancreas in domestic cats, to establish the proportion of multiple organ pathologies and to compare their clinical indicators. The article presents the results of multiple organ pathologies spreading in domestic cats, describes the main nosological forms of diseases, their clinical picture, biochemical and ultrasound indicators. 234 animals of different sexes and different ages were studied in the experiment. Diseased animals were diagnosed based on the results of clinical, biochemical and ultrasound studies. Liver diseases were diagnosed in 18.3 % of cats, kidney - 16.3 %, pancreas - 11.5 % of cats. Multiple organ pathologies were established in 28.7 % of animals, including hepatonephritis in 16.7 %, hepatopancreatitis - 9.0 %, hepatopancreonephritis - 3.0 %. Among nosological forms of diseases in sick cats, hepatonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic hepatitis, and fatty degeneration of liver were more common, and only in one case - cirrhosis.
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