We show that in the derivation of the frequency of Thomas precession, the fact of implementation of rotation-free Lorentz transformations between a laboratory frame, KL, and Lorentz frames K(t) co-moving with a particle with spin at any time moments, t, has principal importance. Choosing for the observation of the particle’s motion any other inertial frame, K, related with KL by the rotation-free transformation, we have to realize that the transformations between K and K(t) at any t are no longer rotation-free. This way we provide a resolution of the known paradox by Bacry (H. Bacry. Nuovo Cimento, 26, 1164 (1962)) and suggest a reinterpretation of the Thomas precession, which is further discussed.
Reinforcement of the puzzle about the proton charge radius, r E , stimulated by the recent experiment with muonic hydrogen (Antognini et al. Science, 339, 417 (2013)) induced new discussions on the subject, and now some physicists are ready to adopt the exotic properties of the muon, lying beyond the Standard Model, to explain the difference between the results of muonic hydrogen experiments (r E = 0.840 87(39) fm) and the CODATA-2010 value r E = 0.8775(51) fm based on electron-proton scattering and hydrogen spectroscopy. In the present contribution we suggest a way to achieve progress in the entire problem via paying attention on some logical inconsistency of fundamental equations of atomic physics, constructed by analogy with corresponding classical equations without, however, taking into account the purely bound nature of electromagnetic fields generated by the electrically bound particles in stationary energy states. We suggest eliminating this inconsistency via introducing some appropriate correcting factors into these equations, which explicitly involve the requirement of total momentum conservation in the system "bound particles and their fields" in the absence of electromagnetic radiation. We further show that this approach allows us not only to eliminate long-standing discrepancies between theory and experiment in the precise physics of simple atoms, but also yields the same estimation (though with different uncertainties) for the proton size in the classic 2S-2P Lamb shift in hydrogen, 1S Lamb shift in hydrogen, and 2S-2P Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen, with the mean value r E = 0.841 fm. Finally, we suggest the crucial experiment for verification of the validity of pure bound field corrections: the measurement of decay rate of bound moun in various meso-atoms, especially at large Z, where the standard calculations and our predictions essentially deviate from each other, and some of the available experimental results (Yovanovitch. Phys. Rev. 117, 1580Rev. 117, (1960) strongly support our approach. PACS Nos.: 31.30.-i, 31.30.J-, 31.30.jf. Résumé : De récents résultats expérimentaux sur l'hydrogène muonique ont renforcé le casse-tête du rayon de charge du proton (Antognini et al. Science, 339, 417 (2013)) et ont amené de nouvelles discussions sur le sujet. Maintenant certains physiciens sont même prêts à adopter la notion d'un muon exotique en dehors du modèle standard, afin d'expliquer la différence entre le résultat de l'hydrogène muonique (r E = 0.840 87(39) fm) et la valeur de CODATA-2010 (r E = 0.8775(51) fm) qui est basée sur la diffusion proton-électron et sur la spectroscopie de l'hydrogène. Notre contribution ici est de suggérer une façon de résoudre l'ensemble du problème en payant attention à certaines incohérences logiques dans les équations fondamentales de la physique atomique, construites par analogie avec les équations classiques correspondantes, sans tenir compte de la nature purement liée des champs électromagnétiques générés par des particules liées dans des états stationnaires d'énerg...
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